Introduction of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health (UN-DSM)

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Farrokhi Hossein; Mokhtehbaz Fatemeh; Shadnaee Toktam

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Seminar Paper

Paper Information

Seminar: National Conference on Healthy Relationship and Positive Psychology
Year:2025 | Issue:1

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Title

Introduction of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health (UN-DSM)

Author(s)

Farrokhi Hossein | Mokhtehbaz Fatemeh | Shadnaee Toktam

Keywords

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health

Positive Psychology

Human Virtues

Character Strengths

Abstract

The classification of Character Strengths and Human Virtues, known as the Upside-Down Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (UN-DSM), focuses on identifying and categorizing Human Virtues and strengths—rather than psychological disorders-using a similar methodology. This approach aims to provide a theoretical framework for the field of Positive Psychology. In this narrative review, we examine the classification of Character Strengths and virtues through a search of credible domestic and international books and articles. Based on the literature, we found that Human Virtues are categorized into six core moral virtues, encompassing 24 Character Strengths. These include: Wisdom and Knowledge (strengths: creativity, curiosity, open-mindedness, love of learning, perspective) Courage (strengths: bravery, persistence, integrity, zest) Humanity (strengths: love, kindness, social intelligence) Justice (strengths: citizenship, fairness, leadership) Temperance (strengths: forgiveness, humility, prudence, self-regulation) Transcendence (strengths: gratitude, hope, humor, spirituality).

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