Determining copper deposit type in the northwest of Nain (Isfahan province): evidence of mineralization, fluid inclusion, and geochemistry

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Khademian Farzaneh; Alaminia Zahra; Nadimi Alireza; Ghasemi Ali

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Journal: GEOSCIENCES Year:2025 | Volume: | Issue: Page(s): 37-64

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Title

Determining copper deposit type in the northwest of Nain (Isfahan province): evidence of mineralization, fluid inclusion, and geochemistry

Author(s)

Khademian Farzaneh | Alaminia Zahra | Nadimi Alireza | Ghasemi Ali | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Mineralization

Geochemistry

Fluid inclusion

Basaltic andesite lava

Eocene

Manto-type copper

Nain

Abstract

The northwest Nain copper deposit is located in the Eocene volcanic-sedimentary sequence of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc. The copper bodies are found in specific porous units, such as andesitic volcanic breccias, amygdale basalt, and andesite, and are mainly controlled by steep dipping fault zones. The alteration in the northwest of Nain involves epidote-chlorite, siliceous, and hematite alteration associated with Mineralization. The major copper sulfides found are chalcopyrite, covellite, and chalcocite, which display disseminated, open-space filling, vein-veinlet, and replacement textures. Manto-type copper Mineralization in this area is attributed to the mixing of primary hydrothermal fluid with basin and sea waters, with temperatures ranging from 149 to 321°C, and their average salinity is 7.7% wt.% NaCl equiv. The host units exhibit enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE). These geochemical features, along with trace element modeling, suggest that all the host rocks were mainly formed by fractional crystallization of a common parental magma derived from partial melting of an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle source, and that the magma assimilated crustal materials during ascent and emplacement. Based on indicators such as tectonic setting, host rock, Mineralization controlling factors, mineralogy, and texture, the copper deposit in the exploration area of Northwest Nain can be classified as a Manto-type deposit.

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