Effects of Biochar produced from date palm’ s leaves on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients of sandy clay loam soil

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NASIMI P.; KARIMI A.; MOTAGHIAN H.R.

Title

Effects of Biochar produced from date palm’ s leaves on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients of sandy clay loam soil

Author(s)

NASIMI P. | KARIMI A. | MOTAGHIAN H.R. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

BiocharQ1

Field capacityQ1

Permanent wilting pointQ2

Plant available waterQ1

Saturated hydraulic conductivityQ2

Abstract

Soil organic matter plays an important role in improving physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil in agriculture. Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material that produced by pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions and it improves the physical and chemical properties of soils. In recent years, Biochar application in soil has been considered as a desirable way to improve physical conditions and increase soil moisture storage capacity. Achieving any of the above objectives depends on the physical and chemical structure of the Biochar and its application to the soil. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of Biochar (produced from date palm’ s leaves) on the physical properties and hydrological behavior of sandy clay loam soil, in greenhouse conditions. For this aim, Biochar was obtained by pyrolysis at 400 degree of centigrade with the time of 2 hours in an electric furnace. Biochar was in powdered form and evenly added to soil (air-dried and passed through a 4 mm sieve) and incubated for 2 months. Therefor with determination of soil moisture content at Field capacity, one, three, six and nine months after mixing soil and Biochar, hydraulic conductivity (kS) was measured by taking soil samples from the pots. By measuring gravimetric water content at saturation percentage (SP), Field capacity (FC) and Permanent wilting point (PWP), Plant available water content (PAWC) and relative Field capacity (RFC) calculated. The Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors. The factors of this experiment were including amendment (palm’ s leaves and Biochar), application level (0, 0. 5, 1, and 2% w/w), and time (1, 3, 6, and 9 month incubation). The treatments in this experiment were zero (B0), 0. 5 (B1), 1 (B2) and 2% (B3) of Biochar and zero (control) (D0), 0. 5 (D1), 1 (D2) and 2% (D3) of palm leaves (zero, 18, 36 and 72 ton/ha, respectively), in three replications. Biochar were in powdered form and evenly added to soil (air-dried and passed through a 4 mm sieve) and incubated for 2 months. The results showed a significant difference (P <0. 01) between the treatments. The effects of soil conditioner on relative Field capacity (RFC), Permanent wilting point (θ PWP) and Plant available water content (PAWC) and the effect of application levels on all soil moisture coefficients were significant (P <0. 01) and increased these coefficients. The experiments revealed that with increasing palm’ s leaves amount, saturation kS of soil was increased and there was a significant difference (P <0. 01) between the treatments. The results confirmed that application of Biochar and date palm’ s leaves enhanced soil kS. Increasing palm’ s leaves from 0. 5, 1 and 2 percent w/w (18, 36 and 72 ton ha-1) increased kS by 24. 2, 17. 7 and 74. 3%, respectively compared with the control treatment. Increasing Biochar from 18 to 72 ton ha-1, in compare with control, increased kS by 29. 4 and 41. 4 %, respectively. The results indicated that date palm leaves have a higher effect on θ FC than Biochar. The outcomes showed that adding of palm’ s leaves from 0. 5, 1 and 2 % w/w increased θ FC by 12, 11. 3 and 12. 4 percent, and Biochar application increased by 10. 3, 9. 2 and 8. 4 percent in Field capacity, respectively. Also, the results indicated that adding of palm’ s leaves from 0. 5, 1 and 2 % w/w increased θ PWP by 15. 7, 12 and 10 percent; while Biochar application increased θ PWP by 9, 5. 6 and 12. 6%, respectively. According to the experiments, the addition of 1% w/w Biochar after 9 months and adding 2% w/w of date palm leaves after 6 months produced the highest increase of PAWC. The effect of Biochar on PAWC indicates that there was a dramatic effect compared with the control, which can be attributed to the extracted surface and the increase of the micro porous pores, which increased water storage. Soil moisture behavior in the high matric suction is under the control of soil texture and its fine pores, but in the low suction it is controlled by the soil structure and its large porosity. There is a significant difference (P <0. 01) between the short and long term effect of date palm leaves and Biochar on hydraulic conductivity. The effect of Biochar supplemental in long-term was more than the effect of palm leaves on increasing kS; while in the short term, the effect of date palm leaves was more than the effect of Biochar on increasing kS. The interaction effects between time, type of soil conditioners (Biochar and date palm’ s leaves) and application levels on PAWC and θ PWP were significant (P <0. 01), and RFC (P <0. 05) as well; but their effects on the θ FC were not significant. The results revealed that Biochar application is considered as one of the best methods for soil management and improvement, which increased soil constant organic matter and improve soil physical properties. It is concluded that Biochar could be used as a soil amendment in fine-textured soil to increase water holding capacity and to improve the drainage and hydraulic conductivity. Also, the Biochar could be applied in sandy clay loam soil as an effective modifier to improve the physical properties of the soil and increase the FC, PWP and PAWC. Increasing the applying time and amount of Biochar in soil resulted in significant changes in physical properties and soil moisture behavior. Unconventional application in sandy clay loam soils, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, due to lack of water resources in these areas, could be a good solution.

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APA: Copy

NASIMI, P., KARIMI, A., & MOTAGHIAN, H.R.. (2019). Effects of Biochar produced from date palm’ s leaves on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients of sandy clay loam soil. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, 13(3 (34) ), 161-171. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/159861/en

Vancouver: Copy

NASIMI P., KARIMI A., MOTAGHIAN H.R.. Effects of Biochar produced from date palm’ s leaves on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients of sandy clay loam soil. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL[Internet]. 2019;13(3 (34) ):161-171. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/159861/en

IEEE: Copy

P. NASIMI, A. KARIMI, and H.R. MOTAGHIAN, “Effects of Biochar produced from date palm’ s leaves on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients of sandy clay loam soil,” IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, vol. 13, no. 3 (34) , pp. 161–171, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/159861/en

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Effects of Biochar produced from date palm’ s leaves on saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture coefficients of sandy clay loam soil