Evaluation of DRAINMOD, ENDRAIN and SWAP Model to Estimate Water Table fluctuations

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EBRAHIMIPAK N.A.; LIAGHAT A.M.; Egdernezhad A.; AHMADEE M.

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Journal: IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL Year:2020 | Volume:13 | Issue:4 (35) Page(s): 93-102

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Title

Evaluation of DRAINMOD, ENDRAIN and SWAP Model to Estimate Water Table fluctuations

Author(s)

EBRAHIMIPAK N.A. | LIAGHAT A.M. | Egdernezhad A. | AHMADEE M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

DrainageQ1

Energy BalanceQ2

Groundwater ModelingQ1

SugarcaneQ2

Abstract

Shallow water table is an important problem in arid and semi-arid regions. Since it causes reduction of agricultural yield; therefore, water table fluctuation is necessary to be monitored in irrigation and Drainage fields. These conditions are intensified for arid and semi-arid countries, such as Iran, where saline groundwater is the main water resource. These problems were increased in Sugarcane industrial farm that covered large area in Khuzistan province, Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to determine water table in Sugarcane field during growing season. Regarding the purpose, it is important to evaluate water table fluctuations in each farm continuously. There are some problems to achieve this purpose like spending time and financial supports. So, computer models are developed to solve the problems. In the other hand, water table can be simulated under different farm conditions, even before designing an agricultural unit, using the models. In order to achieve the mentioned goal, this research was conducted to evaluate three models: DRAINMOD, SWAP and Endrain, to simulate water table levels in Amirkabir Agro-industry farms. The studied area is located at latitude between 31˚ 15’ and 31˚ 40’ and longitude between 48˚ 12’ and 48˚ 30’ , southwest of Iran. Regarding this aim, water table data were collected from a 25 ha farm. Each model use different equations to simulate water table. Nevertheless, Richards’ s equation is the main formula to determine water movement in saturated and unsaturated soils. SWAP uses this formula as following: Where: θ is volume of water content (cm3. cm-3); t, time (hr); z, increasing in depth to soil surface (cm); K(θ ), hydraulic conductivity (cm. h-1) and h is hydraulic pressure (cm). In order to estimate all of those parameters, sample data were collected from the farm. In addition, RETC model was used to determine some of mentioned data. Upper boundary conditions like irrigation and rainfall were measured from local sensors. For simulating evapotranspiration, meteorological data were collected from the nearest metrological station. SWAP uses FAO Penman Monteith equation and Drainmod applies Thornthwaite formula. Lower boundary conditions were also determined based on soil and drains conditions. Before simulation, all data were randomly sorted out. Then, 70% of them were used to calibrate those models and the 30% of remained data were used for validation. Four statistics criteria root mean square error (RMSE), modeling efficiency (EF), coefficient of residual mass (CRM) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used for evaluating the results. The calibration results of soil physics parameters for SWAP and DRAINMOD revealed that in both models, the parameters n and Alpha had the most variations compared with the other parameters. Similar results were cited by other researchers. In calibration stage, the amount of R2 for DRAINMOD model was 87. This result showed that there was a good correlation between field and simulated data. The result of R2 for SWAP and ENDRAIN models were 83 and 93, respectively. RMSE values for DRAINMOD, SWAP and ENDRAIN were 12. 42, 10. 46 and 11. 63 cm, respectively. So, in the calibration stage, SWAP had more accuracy, compared with the other models, to determine water table. The CRM values were obtained as-0. 028,-0. 022 and-0. 061 cm for DRAIMOD, SWAP and ENDRAIN, respectively. Then, all three models lead to overestimate of water table. The results of EF were 0. 83, 0. 85 and 0. 88 for mentioned models, respectively. Validation results of DRAINMOD model revealed that RMSE, CRM and R2 were 13. 19 (cm),-0. 008 and 0. 85, respectively. These statistical criteria were found to be 17. 00 (cm), 0. 020 and 0. 82 for SWAP. These parameters were obtained as 28. 10 (cm), 0. 603 and 0. 82 for ENDRAIN model. Therefore, all the models had acceptable error to estimate water table depth. The results of EF were 0. 84, 0. 75 and-2. 80 for DRAINMOD, SWAP and ENDRAIN models, respectively. These results showed that ENDRAIN was inefficient to determine water table. It is due to lack of using parameters to simulate all boundary conditions in soil. However, since DRAINMOD simulates evapotranspiration and downside boundary conditions well, the mentioned results were better rather than two other models. Although DRAINMOD had a better accuracy compared with SWAP, both of those models had good efficiency to simulate water table. Thus, DRAINMOD had overestimate error and SWAP and ENDRAIN had underestimate error. DRAINMOD is recommended as a better model according to the higher coefficient of determination and lower error value.

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APA: Copy

EBRAHIMIPAK, N.A., LIAGHAT, A.M., Egdernezhad, A., & AHMADEE, M.. (2020). Evaluation of DRAINMOD, ENDRAIN and SWAP Model to Estimate Water Table fluctuations. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, 13(4 (35) ), 93-102. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/159883/en

Vancouver: Copy

EBRAHIMIPAK N.A., LIAGHAT A.M., Egdernezhad A., AHMADEE M.. Evaluation of DRAINMOD, ENDRAIN and SWAP Model to Estimate Water Table fluctuations. IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL[Internet]. 2020;13(4 (35) ):93-102. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/159883/en

IEEE: Copy

N.A. EBRAHIMIPAK, A.M. LIAGHAT, A. Egdernezhad, and M. AHMADEE, “Evaluation of DRAINMOD, ENDRAIN and SWAP Model to Estimate Water Table fluctuations,” IRANIAN WATER RESEARCH JOURNAL, vol. 13, no. 4 (35) , pp. 93–102, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/159883/en

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