Civilizational Convergence: An Analysis of Sacrifice and Jihad in the Teachings of Buddha and Their Qur’anic Critique (Strategies, Principles, Objectives, and Characteristics)

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Mehrabi Hojjatollah; Rezaei Adriyani Ebrahim; Barghikar Mohsen; Elahidoost Hamid

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Quran, Culture and Civilization Year:2025 | Volume:6 | Issue:3 (پیاپی 21) Page(s): 71-94

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Title

Civilizational Convergence: An Analysis of Sacrifice and Jihad in the Teachings of Buddha and Their Qur’anic Critique (Strategies, Principles, Objectives, and Characteristics)

Author(s)

Mehrabi Hojjatollah | Rezaei Adriyani Ebrahim | Barghikar Mohsen | Elahidoost Hamid | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Buddhist teachings

civilizational convergence

Qur’an

critique of Buddhism

objectives of sacrifice in Buddhism

sacrifice in Buddhism

Abstract

Self-sacrifice on the battlefield is one of the life-giving themes emphasized in many human schools of thought. Examining this concept in living non-monotheistic traditions such as Buddhism-which still has a considerable number of followers-shows that a rational explanation of the Qur’anic teachings and the clarification and reinforcement of commonalities between Islam and Buddhism in relation to self-sacrifice can bring about significant civilizational convergence among their adherents. Investigating this issue requires an in-depth study of the foundations, objectives, and characteristics of self-sacrifice, since these three domains determine the quality and scope of defensive and sacrificial teachings within religions and traditions. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study explores the general teachings of Buddhism in these three domains, explains their influence on the spirit of sacrifice and defense, and then critiques them in light of Qur’anic knowledge. The findings indicate that Buddhism, drawing upon the Four Noble Truths, the law of karma, and universal altruistic thought, regards the main strategy of self-sacrifice in war as granting concessions and offering one’s interests to the aggressor in order to satisfy the enemy’s material desires. The Qur’an, while acknowledging the principle of suffering in life and directing it wisely toward higher goals, critiques the Buddhist objectives, rejects the notion of the enemy’s reformability in the Buddhist strategy, and instead affirms the necessity of active defense and sacrifice.

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