Organized Cybercrime and Phishing: International Legal Perspectives

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Karimi Nastaran; Nikravesh Saman

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF CYBER LAW Year:2024 | Volume:1 | Issue:2 Page(s): 66-83

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Organized Cybercrime and Phishing: International Legal Perspectives

Author(s)

Karimi Nastaran | Nikravesh Saman | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Cybercrime

phishing

International Law

Budapest Convention

International Cooperation

Abstract

With the rapid development of information technologies and the expansion of the Internet, organized cybercrimes, particularly phishing, have become one of the most significant legal and security challenges at the international level. The main research question is how international legal systems can effectively combat organized cybercrimes and sophisticated phishing techniques, and what approaches exist in international laws and agreements for prevention and punishment of such crimes. The necessity of this study arises from the increasing phishing attacks that cause financial losses and threaten the privacy of individuals, corporations, and governments, while legal gaps between countries reduce the effectiveness of countermeasures. The aim of this article is to analyze and review the existing international legal frameworks, identify their weaknesses, and provide suggestions for strengthening legal and operational cooperation among countries. The research method in this article is descriptive–analytical, based on documentary and comparative studies of international instruments, conventions, directives, and judicial practices of various countries. The findings indicate that although several legal tools, including the Budapest Convention and European Union directives, have been designed to combat cybercrimes, their unified and coordinated implementation faces numerous challenges, necessitating enhanced international cooperation, legal updates, and improved technical and judicial capacities. The novelty of this study lies in providing a comprehensive analysis of the integration of legal, judicial, and international cooperation approaches to counter phishing and organized cybercrimes, which can serve as a basis for developing more effective policies in this field

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