SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF HEAVY RAINFALLS WITH ORIGIN OF RED SEA REGION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

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MOFIDI A.

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Journal: GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Year:2005 | Volume:19 | Issue:4(75) Page(s): 71-93

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Title

SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF HEAVY RAINFALLS WITH ORIGIN OF RED SEA REGION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Author(s)

MOFIDI A. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

SUDAN MONSOON LOWQ4

RED SEA CONVERGENCEZONEQ4

RED SEA TROUGHQ4

SUBTROPICAL JET STREAMQ3

MID-LATITUDES TROUGHQ4

Abstract

Detection of any climatological system’s regularities paves the way for proper analysis and weather forecast. From this point of view synoptic climatology of the Red Sea region is studied from the early researches till now. All these researches can be classified into three periods.In 1940s and 1950s, the initial rainy mechanism and the SUDAN MONSOON LOW in the Red Sea region has been considered. In this period the occurrence of rainstorms in the Middle East in the fall has been attributed mainly to intrusions of a low pressure trough extending from the Sudan toward the Red Sea region, then to eastern Mediterranean. This period’s investigators emphasize that the SUDAN MONSOON LOW is a dominant feature in the Middle East in October.Elfandy in his investigations, explains that the SUDAN MONSOON LOW normally extends to about latitude 15o -19o N, but continue with a small inverted V-shaped arm projecting northwards to the northern Red Sea. He believed that changes and oscillations in the mean position of the SUDAN MONSOON LOW are also dynamical.The movement of the Sudan low can be classified into two distinct types of oscillations. The first is displacement of its center from near the Abyssinian (Ethiopia) Plateau and back again twice during the course of the year. The second includes a series of relatively small oscillations superposed on the annual track because of the passage of mid-latitude troughs over the East Mediterranean or Eastern Europe.In 1960s undeniable importance of the Red Sea Convergence Zone on the desert Locust led to exact investigation of local air circulation structure of the region.Investigations of the surface wind distribution along the Red Sea shows that the geographical features of the Red Sea depression are responsible for the strong predominance of winds from NNW and SSE, i.e. parallel to the escarpment along both sides of the depression. While the NNW winds are reflected from the Mediterranean Westerlies and the SSE winds are diverted from the low-level ENE monsoon or trade of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Undoubtedly the position of the Red Sea Convergence Zone varies according to the synoptic situation and to the intensity (and inertia) of both wind systems.By increasing climatic data in recent decades especially from upper troposphere, there are several researches in relation to synoptic patterns from middle and upper troposphere with heavy rainfall over the Red Sea region and Middle East.Related to these studies, formation of initial convergence regions is the result of the relationship between tropospheric flow and topographical Features.As well, evolution and extension of the Red sea region’s low pressures and their displacement to Middle East related to location and intensity of SUBTROPICAL JET STREAM also amplitude and axis orientation of MID-LATITUDES TROUGH in the east of Egypt.Concerning the SUBTROPICAL JET STREAM, in summer it is positioned over Turkey, then too far from the Red Sea, where it may affect the RED SEA TROUGH. From September to October the SUBTROPICAL JET STREAM is displaced southwards, where it may initiate the development of a RED SEA TROUGH. Moreover the monthly distribution of the major floods in the southeast Mediterranean shows the RED SEA TROUGH floods are most frequent during October and November.In recent studies it was suggested that the RED SEA TROUGH development may take place as a result of a lee-type cyclogenetic process in association with the position of the jet over the area of the west of the northern part of the Red Sea area.

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APA: Copy

MOFIDI, A.. (2005). SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF HEAVY RAINFALLS WITH ORIGIN OF RED SEA REGION IN THE MIDDLE EAST. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 19(4(75)), 71-93. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/29946/en

Vancouver: Copy

MOFIDI A.. SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF HEAVY RAINFALLS WITH ORIGIN OF RED SEA REGION IN THE MIDDLE EAST. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH[Internet]. 2005;19(4(75)):71-93. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/29946/en

IEEE: Copy

A. MOFIDI, “SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF HEAVY RAINFALLS WITH ORIGIN OF RED SEA REGION IN THE MIDDLE EAST,” GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, vol. 19, no. 4(75), pp. 71–93, 2005, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/29946/en

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