ECSTASY NEUROTOXICITY (LETTER)

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MEHDIZADED MEHDI

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Avicenna Journal of Neuropsychophysiology Year:2014 | Volume:1 | Issue:1 Page(s): 0-0

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Information Journal Paper

Title

ECSTASY NEUROTOXICITY (LETTER)

Author(s)

MEHDIZADED MEHDI | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

N-METHYL-3

4-METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE; MEMORY

APOPTOSIS

Abstract

Ecstasy or 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is a synthetic amphetamine derivative and an illicit drug of abuse which is primarily consumed by young people in dance and music environments. Generally, MDMA causes elevated mood and a heightened sense of empathy. It is capable of producing both reversible and irreversible brain changes, such as expression of microglia cells, hypertrophy of astrocytes and neuronal degeneration in various areas of the brain. It has been reported that degenerating pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons are localized within the parietal cortex, teniatecta and thalamic nuclei. MDMA can also result in degenerating neurons in the insular and perirhinal cortex. The neurotoxicity associated with MDMA exposure may be the result of oxidative stress leading to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxidation and an increase in the number of tunnel positive cells in the hippocampus. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the internal antioxidants result in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is generated by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants and may contribute to the neurotoxicity of MDMA in the brain. 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy has excitatory effects on the central nervous system as an amphetamine derivate, particularly on hippocampus, neostriatum and cerebellum. MDMA has excitatory effects on the central nervous system, mostly on the serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic synaptic endings. The highest affinity is noted for serotonin transporter (SERT) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 (5-HT2) receptors.

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APA: Copy

MEHDIZADED, MEHDI. (2014). ECSTASY NEUROTOXICITY (LETTER). AVICENNA JOURNAL OF NEURO PSYCHO PHYSIOLOGY, 1(1), 0-0. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/345207/en

Vancouver: Copy

MEHDIZADED MEHDI. ECSTASY NEUROTOXICITY (LETTER). AVICENNA JOURNAL OF NEURO PSYCHO PHYSIOLOGY[Internet]. 2014;1(1):0-0. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/345207/en

IEEE: Copy

MEHDI MEHDIZADED, “ECSTASY NEUROTOXICITY (LETTER),” AVICENNA JOURNAL OF NEURO PSYCHO PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 0–0, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/345207/en

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