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Information Journal Paper

Title

A Pathological Study of Iranian Substantive Criminal Policy on the Crime of Espionage

Pages

  245-275

Abstract

 In recent decades, the realm of Criminalization/fa?page=1&sort=1&ftyp=all&fgrp=all&fyrs=all" target="_blank">Criminalization of crimes against security and the issue of espionage, in particular, have undergone essential changes. Despite this fact, the Iranian Criminal policy on this issue has not changed over the last one hundred years. Thus, this policy suffers from various shortcomings. The lack of consistency of the Iranian Criminal policy with the new developments of espionage consists of three bases and their Criminal responses. The legal basis consists of: the existence of legislative ambiguities regarding evidence of espionage, the lack of distinction between espionage and treason, and the use of various unnecessary restrictions. The physical and psychological basis consists of: restrictions in cases of espionage, lack of inclusion of new security aspects, and limiting the Criminalization/fa?page=1&sort=1&ftyp=all&fgrp=all&fyrs=all" target="_blank">Criminalization of espionage to certain Criminal intentions. Due to the above-mentioned shortcomings and the legislator’ s lack of support for the essential interests of society, it is necessary that the legislator expands the scope of Criminalization/fa?page=1&sort=1&ftyp=all&fgrp=all&fyrs=all" target="_blank">Criminalization to include economic, cultural and social aspects of security and to also expand it to refer to information and objects. Therefore, if the Criminalization/fa?page=1&sort=1&ftyp=all&fgrp=all&fyrs=all" target="_blank">Criminalization of espionage is not limited to certain Criminal intentions, a rigid definition of espionage is not given and different types of espionage are not itemized, the regulations may gain some relative order and improve.

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    • Cite

    APA: Copy

    MAJIDI, SEYED MAHMOUD. (2021). A Pathological Study of Iranian Substantive Criminal Policy on the Crime of Espionage. MAJLIS & RAHBORD, 28(105 ), 245-275. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/415481/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    MAJIDI SEYED MAHMOUD. A Pathological Study of Iranian Substantive Criminal Policy on the Crime of Espionage. MAJLIS & RAHBORD[Internet]. 2021;28(105 ):245-275. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/415481/en

    IEEE: Copy

    SEYED MAHMOUD MAJIDI, “A Pathological Study of Iranian Substantive Criminal Policy on the Crime of Espionage,” MAJLIS & RAHBORD, vol. 28, no. 105 , pp. 245–275, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/415481/en

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