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Information Journal Paper

Title

PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND VASCULAR INJURY: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THROMBIN?

Pages

  203-216

Abstract

 Lungs possess dynamic and complex coagulation-thrombolytic and inflammatory sets of innate reactive responses, which generate changes that cause a dramatic alteration in its parenchyma. Clinically, since its steps are reciprocally inter-connected, the pulmonary embolic injury is very complex to describe as one exclusive progression. For example, each step in a coagulation-fibrinolytic-inflammation-integrated pathway produces more side-steps, which later plays an important role in a specific lung damage description. In this clinical review, the enzyme thrombin, an ontogenetically very old and key blood coagulation serine protease is centrally placed as a mediator, activator and up-regulator of postpulmonary embolic damage to reveal its enormous flexibility in post-pulmonary embolism damage and its reparative processes. Additionally, some beneficial aspects of its control throughout its inhibition are discussed. ABBREVIATIONS: ADP adenosine 5 diphosphate; APC activated protein C; APTT activated partial thromboplastin time; ASA Acetylsalicylic acid; AT III ANTITHROMBIN; C-1INH C-1Inhibitor; EC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase; EPCR endothelial protein C receptor; FDP’s fibrin degradation products; fibrin stabilization factor FSF; FM Fibrin monomer; GAG Glycosaminoglycans; GP glycoprotein; HC II Heparin cofactor II; HIT heparin induced thrombocytopenia; HMWK High Molecular Weight Kininogen; LDUH low dose unfractionated heparin; LMWH low molecular weight heparin (s); LV left ventricle; MAP mean arterial pressure; MLCK myosin light chain kinase; NO nitric oxide; PA pulmonary artery; PARs Proteinase (or protease)-activated receptors; PC protein C; PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor; PE PULMONARY EMBOLISM; PF 4 platelet factor 4; PLA-2 phospholipase A 2; PN-1 Protease Nexin; PT prothrombin time; RBC red blood cell; RV right ventricle; SMC’S’ s vascular smooth muscle cells; t-Pa tissue plasminogen activator; TAFI thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; TF tissue factor (factor III); TFPI Tissue factor pathway inhibitor; TM Thrombomodulin; TNF tumor necrosis factor; TXA 2 thromboxane A2; VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor; vWf von Willebrand factor.

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    • Cite

    APA: Copy

    KONECNY, F.A.. (2007). PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND VASCULAR INJURY: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THROMBIN?. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES (JRMS), 12(4), 203-216. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/540736/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    KONECNY F.A.. PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND VASCULAR INJURY: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THROMBIN?. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES (JRMS)[Internet]. 2007;12(4):203-216. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/540736/en

    IEEE: Copy

    F.A. KONECNY, “PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND VASCULAR INJURY: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THROMBIN?,” JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES (JRMS), vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 203–216, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/540736/en

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