HISTORICAL SITUATION OF TONEKABON IN GILAN AND
MAZANDARAN GEOGRAPHY

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KHALATBARI A.Y.; PANAHI A.

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Journal: JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES Year:2003 | Volume:- | Issue:38(2) Page(s): 77-96

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Title

HISTORICAL SITUATION OF TONEKABON IN GILAN AND MAZANDARAN GEOGRAPHY

Author(s)

KHALATBARI A.Y. | PANAHI A. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

MAZANDARANQ4

GILANQ4

TONEKABONQ4

TONEKA CASTLEQ4

KHALATBARI DYNASTY.Q4

Abstract

Georaphic and climate conditions of the northern regions are caused that the mentioned areas have a different trend of cultural, political and historical point of view than the other areas. In the general view, all of the southern areas of the Caspian sea are like each other, but the mentioned areas divided to different parts in history and each part was continuing its existence separately. On the general division, the Caspian sea littoral states divided to two provinces; GILAN and MAZANDARAN. In historical records, these two provinces have always the fixed borders and the rulling dynasties of each area were rulling in their own areas. With the exact studing in historical records, we meet a little but important area that has a basic role in historical geographe of GILAN and MAZANDARAN. The area, TONEKABON, with the natural borders has establisheda standing area between MAZANDARAN and GILAN. "Hodood - al - Alam" is the oldest geography book that named TONEKABON. Therefore, from the fourth century Hegira(AH) on, an area with more than 100 kilometers longitude between Gilan and MAZANDARAN is mentioned in the records. Tonekabon takes its name of "Toneka" castle. "Toneka" castle was in the top of the low hill and controlled the plain areas. The presentation of Khalatbari dynasty in TONEKABONs political arena, labeled an historical identity to the area.

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APA: Copy

KHALATBARI, A.Y., & PANAHI, A.. (2003). HISTORICAL SITUATION OF TONEKABON IN GILAN AND MAZANDARAN GEOGRAPHY. JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES, -(38(2)), 77-96. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/66821/en

Vancouver: Copy

KHALATBARI A.Y., PANAHI A.. HISTORICAL SITUATION OF TONEKABON IN GILAN AND MAZANDARAN GEOGRAPHY. JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES[Internet]. 2003;-(38(2)):77-96. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/66821/en

IEEE: Copy

A.Y. KHALATBARI, and A. PANAHI, “HISTORICAL SITUATION OF TONEKABON IN GILAN AND MAZANDARAN GEOGRAPHY,” JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES, vol. -, no. 38(2), pp. 77–96, 2003, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/66821/en

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