ROTATIONAL DEFORMITIES OF THE LOWER LIMB IN CHILDREN

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PANJAVI B.; MORTAZAVI SEYED MOHAMMAD JAVAD

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Paper Information

Journal: Iranian Journal of Pediatrics Year:2007 | Volume:17 | Issue:4 Page(s): 393-397

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Information Journal Paper

Title

ROTATIONAL DEFORMITIES OF THE LOWER LIMB IN CHILDREN

Author(s)

PANJAVI B. | MORTAZAVI SEYED MOHAMMAD JAVAD | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

ROTATIONAL DEFORMITYQ3

INTOEING GAITQ3

OUT-TOEING GAITQ3

LOWER LIMBQ3

Abstract

Rotational deformities are common lower extremity abnormalities in children. Rotational problems include in-toeing and out-toeing. In-toeing is caused by one of the three types of deformity: metatarsus adductus, internal tibial torsion, and increased femoral anteversion. Out-toeing is less common than intoeing, and its causes are similar but opposite to those of intoeing. These include femoral retroversion and external tibial torsion. An accurate diagnosis can be made with careful history and physical examination, which includes torsional profile (a four- component composite of measurements of the lower extremities). Charts of normal values and values with two standard deviations for each component of the torsional profile are available. In most cases, the abnormality improves with time. A careful physical examination, explanation of the natural history, and serial measurements are usually reassuring to the parents. Treatment is usually conservative. Special shoes, cast, or braces are rarely beneficial and have no proven efficacy. Surgery is reserved for older children with deformity from three to four standard deviations from the normal.

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APA: Copy

PANJAVI, B., & MORTAZAVI, SEYED MOHAMMAD JAVAD. (2007). ROTATIONAL DEFORMITIES OF THE LOWER LIMB IN CHILDREN. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, 17(4), 393-397. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/76104/en

Vancouver: Copy

PANJAVI B., MORTAZAVI SEYED MOHAMMAD JAVAD. ROTATIONAL DEFORMITIES OF THE LOWER LIMB IN CHILDREN. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS[Internet]. 2007;17(4):393-397. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/76104/en

IEEE: Copy

B. PANJAVI, and SEYED MOHAMMAD JAVAD MORTAZAVI, “ROTATIONAL DEFORMITIES OF THE LOWER LIMB IN CHILDREN,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 393–397, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/76104/en

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