Background: The accurate diagnosis of infections can significantly enhance preventative measures against abortion. Objectives: The rates of Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in the vaginal secretions of women with abortion. Furthermore, this study aimed to detect S. agalactiae capsular types by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Methods: The study collected vaginal samples obtained from a cohort of women with abortions of unknown cause from various healthcare facilities across Iran, as well as their counterparts who did not experience any reproductive issues. Molecular identification was performed by a multiplex PCR protocol for the amplification of specific regions within the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The capsular polysaccharide of S. agalactiae was identified by multiplex PCR of the caps gene. Then, the sequences of the amplified gene were analyzed by Mega X. Finally, some factors that exerted a noteworthy influence on the likelihood of miscarriage were determined. Results: The study found S. agalactiae, M. hominis, and L. monocytogenes in the vaginal secretions of women with abortion, with respective frequencies of 9. 09%, 4. 54%, and 2. 7%, which were more than the frequencies in the pregnant healthy women. The caps III (4%) and caps V (6%) genes were identified in the S. agalactiae isolates. The sequences of caps III or caps V did not show any differences among the isolates containing each gene. Conclusions: The findings demonstrated the significance of preemptively managing prevalent infections and investigating risk factors in women prior to pregnancy. No difference in the sequences of the caps genes is promising for the adoption of vaccination and therapeutic strategies.

The printed circuit boards of mobile phones contain precious metals such as gold, platinum, and palladium, with 542, 30, and 26 ppm, respectively, and among the available base metals, copper constitutes the highest weight percentage (30.675%). Therefore, the recycling of this waste is very important not only from an environmental point of view but also from an economic point of view. the leaching operation, was performed, on the original sample printed circuit boards of mobile phones and cakes obtained from leaching with sulfuric acid by the amino acid L-valine and the effect of parameters such as L-valine concentration, temperature, pH, time, the oxidizing amount, the pulp density on the gold recovery was investigated and compared. The results showed that the parameters of temperature, leaching time, pH, relative to pulp density, L-valine concentration, and the amount of oxidant are more important in gold recovery, respectively. Recovery of gold leaching with L-valine amino acid under optimal conditions of L-valine concentration of 200 g/t, temperature 80 °C, pulp density 10%, oxidizing amount of 50 ml/l, pH 11.5, and leaching time 32 hours on the original sample and the cake obtained from leaching with sulfuric acid were 62.23% and 87.34%, respectively. In other words, by acid leaching with sulfuric acid before leaching with amino acid L-valine, the recovery of gold leaching by L-valine increases by about 25.11%.

In this work, we synthesized Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) by radical polymerization. A pair of copolymers containing the poly(4-vinylpyridine) were quaternized using octyl bromide to get P4VP-C8Br with degrees of quaternization of 48.8% and 72%. The P4VP and these two copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, IR and ATG. Moreover, we studied the impact of the extent of quaternization and the concentration on the interaction of the P4VP-C8Br 48.8% and P4VP-C8Br 72% copolymers with proton H+ at 25 °C, within the neutralization range (0-1). In addition potentiometry technique was performed to evaluate this interaction for different concentrations and a phase diagrams of solubility was established in the concentration interval of (0.6×10-4 g/L - 3×10-4 g/L) for the two copolymers.The pKa variation versus copolymer concentration and it quaternization rate was examined. In the neutralization degree range (0 < α < 1), we noticed that the copolymer shows the modification in the structure and conformation caused by the presence of hydrophobic- hydrophilic and hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions.

The study evaluated to model the growth and reproduction aspects of the hake, Merluccius merluccius, in the Sea of Marmara. On-board sampling was conducted on the commercial beam trawl fishery from February 2016 to January 2017. For the growth trajectories, using monthly length frequency data set, different methods were employed to improve parameter optimization. The variation of reproductive intensity was modelled using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). The growth was fast and parameterized as L∞=65. 9 cm, K=0. 16 year-1 according to the Electronic Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN) with genetic algorithm optimization approach. Seasonal variation in growth, fitted a seasonally oscillating VBGF (soVBGF), indicated intense seasonality. The onset of the positive phase of the growth oscillation was observed around October proofed by a high fish condition that the growth starts accelerate after the summer period. A high gonadosomatic index (GSI) was evident over most of the year except between May and July, captured also the time component in the GAM modeling. The total length and fish condition have the highest impact on the GSI among the modeling parameters evaluated while temperature has low partial effect. The length at the first sexual maturity for females and males was calculated at 26. 5 and 22. 0 cm, respectively, lower than that of the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters. It is believed that this study allows deeper and new conclusions for the management of hake stock in the Sea of Marmara and Mediterranean Basin.

Lactobacillus brevis was isolated from the intestinal tract of Sander lucioperca and its immunological parameters as well as intestinal morphology were studied. Thereafter, the fish were challenged with 4. 5×108 CFU/g Aeromonas hydrophila. The fish were monitored daily and the rate of survival was recorded over a period of 7 days post-challenge. The results showed that feeding with supplemented L. brevis (108 to 1010 CFU/g) had significant effect (p<0. 05) on the survival rate. The serum lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50) and IgM was significantly enhanced by dietary probiotics during the feeding period and post challenge compared to the control group. The serum IgM levels of dietary supplementation of L. brevis were significantly higher than that of the control after 8 weeks (p<0. 05). After 60 days total bacteria and probiotics in the intestinal tract in groups fed with doses of 108 to 1010 CFU/g L. brevis had increased ratio in compare with control sampels. The survival rates after dietary administration of probiotics were significantly higher than that in control in post challenge. The probiotic (1010 CFU g-1) can be used as an effective bio-control agent and as an immune stimulant in aquaculture.

Artemisia argyi and Houttuynia cordata Thunb are common herbs in most regions of China. In order to test their composite effect as additives on fish, the effects of their extracts mixture on growth performance, antioxidant activity, serum and hepatic lipid levels, and gut bacteria in juvenile grass carp were evaluated. 180 fish were divided into 9 tanks with 3 replicate tanks per treatment, and fed with a control diet (A0) or one of two treatment diets containing 500 (A1) or 1000 mg/kg (A2) mixture of extracts, with equal mass of A. argyi and H. cordata, for 8 weeks. Water flow rate was 8. 0 L/min, and water quality parameters were in normal range. At the end of feeding trial, fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate showed no difference among all groups. Significantly higher catalase (CAT) activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content were observed in A1 and A2 groups. Serum triglyceride content was much lower in the A1 group and total cholesterol was lower in experimental groups compared with the control group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the hepatic lipid droplets were smaller in the experimental groups. High-throughput sequencing identified 10 predominant phyla from gut samples, and Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the most dominant groups. Compared with the control group, in A1 group operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number, species richness (Chao1, and ACE), and α diversity (Shannon index) were higher, and gut bacteria composition was altered in A1 and A2 groups at phylum and genus levels. These results indicated that the extracts mixture of A. argyi and H. cordata can increase antioxidant activity, lower serum and hepatic lipid levels, and improve gut bacteria composition, which can be used as a green additive for grass carp.

The present study aimed to analyze the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbon transfer cyclic through consumption of Binni fish (Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi) at Huralazim wetland and estimates the risk of consumption at 7 stations of Huralazim wetland in spring 2018 (one season). A statistic populations included sediment (n=21), water (n=21) and fish (n=21). The concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 178. 45 to 1386. 26 mg/­kg. Acenaphthene and Pyrenees had the highest concentration of hydrocarbon compounds in sediments. In water samples of 7 stations, the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 17. 12 to 651. 79 mg/ L, and Acenaphthene and Naphthylene with the mean concentrations of 42 and 28. 83 mg/L, respectively, which were the most abundant aromatic compounds (p<0. 05). The results indicate the highest and lowest concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons in fish caught at station 7 (43±2 mg/kg) and station 1 (9. 52±3. 06 mg/kg), respectively. The highest carcinogenesis rate (1. 13) and mutation rate (23. 49) were found at stations 7 and station 5, respectively. The gradual carcinogenesis rate of Benz [a] pyrene ranged from 0. 00003 to 0. 0029, and its mean rate in Huralazim wetland reached 0. 0027. The gradual mutation risk assessment for Benz [a] pyrene was estimated to be 0. 055 (which ranges from 0. 034 to 0. 061). Most of the hydrocarbon compounds in the sediments have originated from pyrolytic and fossil fuels. According to mutant and carcinogenic standards, the daily consumption of fish in this wetland increases the risk of cancer and mutation incidences. Measures should be taken to reduce the consumption of fish at risk in Huralazim wetland, thus minimizing the risk of gradual cancer or mutation.

In order to explore the influence of increased salinization on fish populations in Tarim River, sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity tolerance in T. yarkandensis (a native fish species), was measured in laboratory by applying slow acclimation (SA, gradual salinity increase) and direct transfer (DT) methods in spring season. Whereas Probit method was used to calculate the median lethal concentration (LC50). Results of slow acclimation for adult, juvenile and larva fish (LC50) showed 16. 51 g/L, 12. 94 g/L and 8. 13 g/L[cy1], respectively. Results of salinity tolerance (LC50) by DT method, were recorded as 16. 16 g/L, 11. 01 g/L, and 7. 37 g/L for adult, juvenile and larva, respectively. The salinity tolerance of the fish showed age-dependent increasing tendency. The experiments have also been conducted in three other seasons to study the relationship between salinity tolerance of adults and seasonal salinity variances in Tarim River. Results showed a significant S relationship between river’s salinity and the LC50 of adults (data mixed the SA and DT) by using equations y=e2. 788-0. 121/X (R2=0. 994, P=0. 003) for DT, and y=e2. 771-0. 120/X (R2=0. 927, P=0. 037) for SA. These findings suggest that T. yarkandensis has a physiological adaptation for osmoregulation in developmental processes and in dealing with the seasonal salinity variances of the Tarim River.

In this study, the combined effect of glazing and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leave extract were evaluated on the chemical spoilage indices of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) at frozen temperature. Antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of coriander leaf hydroalcoholic extract was examined, however, 5 treatments including: Unglazed (UG) without immersion in water and coriander extract,Water glazed (WG),0. 5% of coriander extract-glazed (CG 0. 5%),1% of coriander extract-glazed (CG 1%),and 1. 5% of coriander extract-glazed (CG 1. 5%) were prepared for mackerel fillets storage. They were then stored at-18°C. The examined parameters in frozen samples were water holding capacity (WHC), drip loss, cooking loss, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months at-18°C. The results showed that DPPH, ABTS and FRAP and the percent of inhibition significantly increased as the concentration of the extract increased reaching 68. 58%, 9. 25 mM trolox/kg dw and 13. 46 mM trolox/kg dw at concentration of 700 mg/l, respectively. Variation range of PV, TVN and TBA after 180 days increased to 10. 221-14. 450 meq O2/kg lipid, 0. 460-0. 635 mg MDA/kg and 28. 76-37. 31 mg/100g, respectively. After six months WHC and drip loss of UG, and CG 1. 5% treatments reached 49. 23%, and 63. 36% and to 15. 23% and 10. 55%, respectively. The CG 0. 5%, CG 1%, and CG 1. 5% treatments had a low average cooking loss among all the groups. According to the results of the performed parameters (TVB-N and TBA), the shelf life of fish fillets kept at-18 ºC was up to 180 in the acceptable range, but in terms of PV, it was outside the standard range, while in the control treatment, the parameters examined on day 150 were outside the standard range.

Some functional, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix protein hydrolysates produced by alcalase (SCPH-alcalase), acid (SCPH-acidic) and alkaline (SCPH-alkaline) were investigated. No significant difference was observed for degree of hydrolysis (DH), L*, a* and b* values among all types of hydrolysate samples (p>0. 05). The highest protein recovery, protein and essential amino acids content were observed in SCPH-alcalase. All protein hydrolysates displayed antioxidant activities, that enhanced by increasing the hydrolysates concentration. The chemical hydrolysates had the highest DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, while SCPH-alcalase showed the highest ABTS (2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activity and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) (p<0. 05). The highest solubility and the lowest fat adsorption were observed with the SCPH-alcalase (p<0. 05). Increased numbers of hydrophilic groups of SCPH-alcalase are supported by FTIR spectra. The results showed the significant effect of different hydrolysis conditions on hydrolysates properties and indicated alcalase enzyme might be more suitable to produce hydrolysates with desirable functional, nutrition and antioxidative properties.