Theories of translation are either reductionist or holistic. While reductionist theories only cover some specific areas, holistic theories cover all kinds of translations. Skopos theory is one of the holistic theories of translation. This study explores this theory and some of its aspects. At first, we examine the status of translation and translational action from Jean-Rene Ladmiral perspective. Then we investigate some theorists' views on Skopos theory and we see which characteristics of translation are important in their views.

The Baghdad translation school (Baker 2009) is considered as a turning point in the history of translation. The school is mainly characterized by adopting a scientific approach to and utilizing various strategies in translation practice، and by the variety of subjects translated. On the other hand، skopos theory which was first introduced by Hans Vermeer in the late 1970s is among the most important functional approaches to translation studies in which the skopos or the purpose of translation is the main criterion that determines the final product in the target text. Paying special attention to the readership in the strategies used by the translator and considering the demands of the ‘order’ placed by the translation agent as part of the process of a professional translation for the first time in the history of translation are some other distinct characteristics of skopos theory in the field of translation studies. The present research sought to study the Baghdad translation movement according to the aforementioned features of the skopos theory. The findings indicate clear manifestations of the basic characteristics of skopos theory in the Baghdad school.

Publishing advertisement through Internet channel is an issue whose importance has been doubled by commercializing web. Existence of more than 65 billion websites in the Internet has made it impossible to publish advertisement with high efficiency through this channel which seems very easy. In this respect, the present study embarks to answer the question that "what is the most appropriate website for publishing a display ad in the world of web?" Since the concept of "right website" and advertisement in the web are new issues, the combinational method of comparative-inductive is used in this study. In this regard, first a content analysis was conducted on international studies and five features influencing right website selection were identified from among 90 previous studies in the area of Internet advertisement and marketing. The key features include: quality of electronic services, user-oriented design, electronic business model, interaction, and type of website involvement. Then, considering each of the extracted features, the conceptual model of right website selection was designed and in order to evaluate the model, a 5-scale Likert format questionnaire was developed which presented each feature as a hypothesis and tested their effect on the selection of right website for publishing advertisement. Although the test was strict, all hypotheses were confirmed by the experts. After confirmation of the conceptual model, a specific methodology was designed for operationalizing the model on the basis of TOPSIS farness from and closeness to the ideal. According to this mechanism, the model of right website selection is presented. At the end, a case study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the model and the results indicated that the model possess a good operational capacity.

Introduction: With the significant expansion of research, we are witnessing the discrediting of some scientific outputs in the field of medicine. This study endeavored to investigate the dimensions and patterns of cooperation of internationally discredited works in the field of medicine in the Scopus database. Methods: This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of conducting research and data analysis, it is quantitative and has been done using bibliometric analysis method and scientometric approach and illustration techniques to draw scientific collaborations. The population is all the discredited medical works available from 2016 to the end of 2020 in the Scopus database which has been done using the network analysis method. Results: The findings showed that during the period, 480 works published in Scopus database were discredited. The Unites States, England, India, and China have the highest index of centrality, intimacy, and crosscontextuality. These countries play an important role in connecting nodes and transmitting information over the network. Conclusion: Discredited articles in the United States and England have high centrality indices, which indicates the greater influence and power of these countries, which, in turn, have a greater influence on other countries in the scientific network.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the scientific outputs of the project management literature and draw a scientific map. The target population of this research is all documents indexed in Scopus database in the period 1942 to March 2021, which have used the keywords of project management in their title, abstract or keywords. In this regard, 107438 documents were extracted and their quantitative and qualitative process of citation was examined using applied software such as BibExcel and VOSViewer network analysis software. The results showed that the project management research process has been growing exponentially, especially in the last two decades,so that 86% of scientific productions belong to this period and English language with 86% was the dominant language of published scientific documents. Also in the development of this branch of science, the international journal of project management was the most prominent publication with the most documents (2154) and the most citations (105959), and the United States was the most prominent country with 29, 271 documents and 360, 708 citations. In addition, the analysis of the type of international cooperation between countries in terms of geographical area, revealed three clusters, and the analysis of these clusters identified intercontinental cooperation as the most common way of cooperation between countries. Another part of the results was dedicated to evaluating the role of institutions and researchers in the development of project management knowledge. The analysis in this section shows that the American institute of electrical and electronics engineers with 133 documents and the department of building and real estate of Hong Kong polytechnic university with 3787 citations, respectively, were in the first place of the most active and influential institutions,And researchers Scott and Keil, with 100 documents and 5, 625 citations, respectively, were among the top active and influential researchers. Finally, keyword analysis showed that the word project management with the repetition in 10581 documents and the word ethnography with 67. 2 of the average citations, obtained the most repetitions and citations,At the same time, the emergence of up-to-date keywords such as digital transformation, the industry 4. 0 and gamification, indicated that recent research has shifted towards the management of technological and innovative projects.