Whey with a large amount of BOD (50000 PPM) is a dangerous environmental pollutant. This important source of lactose (4-5%) is a usefull substrate for a range of fermentation processes. Lacitic acid with several applications in industries is one of these products. Specially L (+) isomer of this acid worthing 10 times as much as the mixture of L & D, is used in medical purposes such as absorbable surgical filaments and controlled release drugs. Several strains of Lactobacillus produce a mixture of L & D isomers but the strain employed in this research (Lactobacillus casei) produces only L (+) form. The produced lactic acid prevents acid production in fermentation, so that almost half of lactose (about 22g/L lactic acid) is converted to Lactic acid. Therefore in order to increase the output the produced acid should be separated. In this research Lactobacillus Casei was used to produce L (+) Lactic acid and due to strile conditions requirement in situe separation of acid using Ion-exchange resins at control automatic of pH were employed. At the end, Lactic acid yield in non extractive fermentation compared with extractive process showed an increase from 22g/L to 43.7 g/L. The polarimetric analysis showed pure L (+) product.

In Iran daily remainly remarkable amount whey are produced by cheese factories where can be utilized by more than hundred semi - industrial dairy plants which are capable of recovering most of the nutritional components of whey through very less amount by investment. Therefore, the project were designed and conducted on the basis of following objectives including reduction of contaminating effect of whey on ecological environmental, preventing the loss of good source of nutrient, improving economical status of dairy factories and providing good source of raw materials for the other related industries. In this project by using the instruments like a decantor, a batch evaporator and a single dewatering centrifuge, were enabled us to separate and recover 83 percent or proteins in first step and 85 percent of lactose in second step of experiment. The volume of remaining liquor is about 5 percent of the initial volume which can be utilized for animal feeding.

5×5 Latin-square experiment (21-d periods) was conducted to measure the effects of replacing of barley by sorghum grain on milk yield, milk composition, feed efficiency, dry matter intake (DMI), body weight and apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM). Five primiparous and five multiparous (n=10) lactating Holstein cows, 85±10 d in milk were given a total mixed ration of 46: 54 forage: grain ratio (DM basis). Sorghum grain substituted barley in ratios of 0: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 in diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in many parameters in response to increasing sorghum levels. Diet 5 showed higher DMI (20.3 vs. 19.4 kg d-1), daily milk yield (25.8 vs. 24.8 kg d-1), production of 3.2 % FCM (27.4 vs. 24.7 kg d-1), milk fat (3.58 vs. 3.02%), fat yield (0.92 vs. 0.75 kg d-1), milk protein (3.0 vs. 2.7%), protein yield (0.75 vs. 0.67 kg d-1), milk lactose (4.93 vs. 4.47%) and milk solids-not-fat (8.58 vs. 8.17%), as compared with diet 1. However, feed efficiency, body weight, and apparent digestibility of organic matter were not affected by any of the treatments (P>0.05). It is concluded that substitution of sorghum grain for barley may manipulate rumen metabolism and improves milk composition.

Captopril is an angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension. It is freellly water soluble and has an elimination half-life after oral dose of 1.7 h. Various methods are available to formulate water soluble drugs into sustained release dosage forms by retarding the dissolution rate. One of the methods used to control drug release and hence, prologn therapeutic activity is to use hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers. In this study the effects of various polymers (hydroxyprpylemethylcellulose,) ethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphate, ceytltriammonium bromide and arlacel 60) on the release rate of captopril were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the amount of HPMC KI5M resulted in a reduction in the release rate of captopril from matrices. When the HPMC was partly replaced by NaCMC (the ratio of HPMC: NaCMC was 5:1) the release rate of the drug significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference in release rate of captopril from matrices produced with the ratios of 5:1 and 2:1 of HPMC:NaCMC. The presence of lactose in matrices containing HPMC and NaCMC increased the release rate of captopril. It was interesting that although partial replacement of HPMC by EC reduced the release rate of the drug (ratio of HPMC: EC was 2:1), when the ratio of HPMC:EC was reduced to 1:1 the release rate was increased. The effects of various surfactants on the release rate of captopril from HPMC: EC (1:1) matrices was also investigated. The results showed that the surfactants did not significantly change the release rate of the drug. Release rate of the drug. Release data were examined kinetically and the ideal kinetic models were estimated for the drug release.

Liposomes as a drug carrier have numerous dominancy. Liophilization is the most propr form of these products for long-term maintenanace, but this procedure is affected by unstabilizing agent that results in destruction of membrane, release of content and change in size and microbial contamination; bence for prevention of the adverse effects, the protective role of sugars such as: Maltose, Fructose, Glucose, Galactose, Sacetose, Saccharose and Lactose were studied.For this purpose, after preparation of liposomal suspension, categorized in four duplicate groups and concentrations of 25, 50, 100 percent of these sugars were added to those. On the basis of color and consistency of products, the best method of freezing is as application of absolute alcohol and then chilling in-70 on for 16 h. in survey of protective substances concentrations 0.7, 1.4, 2.8, and 5.6 percent of the mentioned sugars were used for calculating of leakage percent (Upon on the ratio of optical density of treated samples to untreated).In this study, released maltose had highest effect. Level of fusion and aggregation had any significant difference between pre and post lyophilized samples in centrifugation with 10000 rpm. Microbial state of recent samples was studied by culturing in SCD and SCDA media that indicated microbial growth in both samples.