Over production of uric acid by xanthine oxidase (XO) causes gout. XO inhibitors for example allopurinol are the most important available anti gout drugs. Medicinal herbs are available natural sources that may be useful for the treatment of gout. In this study the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L., Hypericum perforatum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Zea mays L., Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link, Cynara scolymus L. and Hedera helix L. were measured. In these experiments, under controlled conditions xanthine turns into uric acid by XO. Uric acid absorbance was measured at 295 nm using a UV spectrophotometer. Adding allopurinol (as positive control) or aqueous extracts to the solution containing XO, can decrease uric acid production by inhibition of this enzyme. At first, XO inhibitory activity of allopurinol and reproducibility of the method was evaluated by conducting three experiments. The results showed an EC50= 0.43 µg/ml for allopurinol. Then, XO inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mg/ml were measured. Matricaria chamomilla could inhibit enzyme up to 68% (P<0.001) while maximum XO inhibitory activities of Hypericum perforatum and Cynara scolymus were 36% (P< 0.001) and 21% (P<0.001) respectively. Other extracts did not have any significant effect on XO. Our obtained results showed that part of anti gout effects of Matricaria chamomilla, Hypericum perforatum and Cynara scolymus is due to XO inhibition.

In this research, the essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L., Melissa officinalis L. and Achillea millefolium L. were evaluated in Shahrekord climate condition. The aerial parts of these plants in full flowering stages were collected in summer 2017 from a research farm of Shahrekord University. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation method (clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the thymol (33. 2%), α-terpinene (18. 50%), p-cymene (10. 9%) and linalool (5%) were the most components of Thymus vulgaris. Neral (26. 3%), geranial (25%), β-caryophyllene (6. 9%), geranyl acetate (6. 4%) and cis-crysantenol (5. 8%) were the most important compound of M. officinalis essential oil and the cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (27. 19%), cis-chrysantheol (13. 16%), germacren D (7. 24%), β-caryophyllene (6. 69%) and thymol (6. 15%) recorded in Achillea essential oil In conclusion, the results were showed that essential oils of thyme, lemon balm, and yarrow had suitable quality composition in Shahrekord climate conditions.

In this paper, the concepts of $L$-enclosed $L$-order space, $L$-order $L$-concave space, $L$-internal $L$-order space and $L$-order $L$-convex filter are introduced. The main results are:(1) the categories of $L$-order $L$-convex spaces, $L$-enclosed $L$-order spaces, $L$-order $L$-concave spaces and $L$-internal $L$-order spaces are isomorphic; (2) the category of $L$-order convergence spaces based on $L$-order $L$-convex filters is topological; (3) there is a Galois correspondence between the category of $L$-order convergence spaces and that of $L$-order $L$-convex spaces.

In the recent years application of allelopathic effects in weeds management have attracted the attention of many researchers. To study the effects of water extracts and various amount of plants powder of Sinapis, achillea, salvia, artemisia and walnut leaf on seed germination and seedling growth of bean, two separate factorial experiments were carried out in completely randomized design, with 3 and 5 replications, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in the Agricultural Research Center Western Azerbayjan. In the first experiment, five concentrations of weeds water extracts including 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent was applied on bean seeds. With increasing in concentration of Sinapis, Achillea and Salvia germination percentage of bean was decreased but Artemisia and Salvia hadn’t any effects on the germination. The most preventing effect on radicle and plumule lengths of bean were observed respectively in 90.5 and 83.2 percent with 10% Sinapis concentration. In second experiment soil of the pots was extended with plants powder in rates of 0, 0.33, 0.67, 1 and 1.33 percent. Decrease in plant height and leaf area was in Salvia, with 35.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Salvia concentration of 40 gr in soil, decreased total dry matter with 54% control, but Walnut leaf with amounts of 10, 20, 30 gr in soil increased than total dry matter. Existence of more than 30 gr Salvia and 40 gr Artemisia in the soil decreased 33.7% root dry weight compared to control. 40gr Salvia in soil decreased the dry weight of the seed from 452.6mg (control) to 257.6mg.

In this paper, we extend the construction of a fuzzy subgroup generated by a fuzzy subset to L-setting. This construction is illustrated by an example. We also prove that for an L-subset of a group, the subgroup generated by its level subset is the level subset of the subgroup generated by that L-subset provided the given L-subset possesses sup-property.

In this paper, we study the notion of solvable L-subgroup of an L-group and provide its level subset characterization and this justifies the suitability of this extension. Throughout this work, we have used normality of an L-subgroup of an L-group in the sense of Wu rather than Liu.