In this paper, various analytical methods of 5G technology penetration rate is investigated and then 5G penetration rate is calculated for Iran based on Pareto method. The 5G technology penetration rate is important to predict the time and the way to migrate to the 5G network. It is assumed that the 5G technology penetration rate in the first year of the launch based on the Pareto method depends on the 4G penetration rate in the same year. The 5G technology penetration rate in Iran in the first year of the launch is predicted to be about 0. 95% based on the Pareto method. The number of 5G unique subscribers in the years after the launch is also forecasted from the number of 4G technology unique subscribers which is predicated by the Gompertz method. The best time for the widespread investment of the operator in the 5G is 2025. It is also estimated that the best time to replace 5G technology with 4G is 2029.

The rapid development of intelligent hardware, Internet of Things (IoT), and the emergence of various applications has led to an unprecedented increase in mobile data traffic. Therefore, the efficiency of network resource utilization and bandwidth needs to be improved effectively. Currently, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication technology can provide an effective tool for enhancing 5G networks by enabling direct communication between devices. The use of D2D communication can reduce the load on the 5G network and improve service quality. One of the main issues in this regard is how to manage communication resources and select communication links. In this article, we examine the problem of managing D2D communication links for content transmission between communication devices and formulate it as a binary linear optimization problem. To solve this problem, we propose a method based on game theory, where considering user devices containing the desired files for transmission as players, we design an exact potential game and then propose a distributed learning algorithm to reach a Nash equilibrium. Simulation results confirm the satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithm.

In this paper, we propose an analytical model for dimensioning of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems in 5G networks by considering Internet of Thing (IoT) application using stochastic geometry. In these systems, some communication is lost when the number of required subcarriers is greater than the number of the available subcarriers. We compute the upper bound of the lost communication probability for downlink. In such a system, the position of the receiving users is modeled by the Poisson point process (PPP). The number of subcarriers dedicated to each user depends on its Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), position and the shadowing, hence for calculating the number of subcarriers, it is needed to use stochastic geometry. Since the focus of our work is on IoT application in 5G networks, a multi-group user system with each group of users having its own application and throughput requirement is considered. For having dimensioning in terms of subcarriers, we present concentration inequality for functions defined on PPP to calculate the upper bound of loss probability. The performance of the upper bound in different range of user intensity is investigated.

Wireless networks functioning on 4G and 5G technology offer a plethora of options to users in terms of connectivity and multimedia content. However, such networks are prone to severe signal attenuation and noise in a number of scenarios. Significant research in recent years has consequently focused on establishment of robust and accurate attenuation models to estimate channel noise and subsequent signal loss. The identified challenge therefore is to identify or develop accurate computationally inexpensive models implementable on available hardware for generation of estimates with low error and validate the solutions experimentally. The present work surveys some of the most relevant recent work in this domain, with added emphasis on rain attenuation models and machine learning based approaches, and offers a perspective on the establishment of a suitable dynamic signal attenuation model for high-speed wireless communication in outdoor as well as indoor environments, presenting the performance evaluation of an autoregression-based machine learning model. Multiple versions of the model are compared on the basis of root mean square error (RMSE) for different orders of regression polynomials to find the best-fit solution. The accuracy of the technique proposed in the paper is then compared in terms of RMSE to corresponding moderate and high complexity machine learning techniques implementing adaptive spline regression and artificial neural networks respectively. The proposed method is found to be quite accurate with low complexity, allowing the method to be practically applicable in multiple scenarios.

Even though 4G technology is still under development, many investors are currently working to advance the following type of internet networks identified as 5G. This research was to investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of 5G technology in Iran among university students in Tehran Province. About 238 students were randomly selected in this study from universities in Tehran. The main method for data collection and analysis is to provide an electronic questionnaire related to the model. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling method and PLS software. The results showed that the quality of technology has a positive influence on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust and perceived enjoyment. Quality has a positive influence on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and trust, while there is no direct relationship between perceived enjoyment and acceptance to use 5G technology.

As mobile data traffic increases, and the number of services provided by the mobile network increases, service load flows as well, which requires changing in the principles, models, and strategies for media transmission streams serving to guarantee the given nature of giving a wide scope of services in Flexible and cost-effective. Right now, the fundamental question remains what number of network slices will be cost effective for slice managing and giving the required functionality. So, the aim is to improve the efficiency of mobile network by forming an ideal slice in a multi-service communication network. In this paper, we propose a model to demonstrate network resource allocation system that forms devoted network slices to serve particular types of services independently on shared infrastructure. This model solves the problem of creating a strategy to form multi-service core mobile communication network slices, which allow the providing of a wide scope of services with certain quality indicators according to the effective dynamic configuration of the system. A resource management system model is created, to provide a method that considers costs related with excessive resource allocation, and also reduces the number of network recalculations, allowing for a reasonable proportion of management costs and Qualities of Service.

This study aims to strategically evaluate the role of 5G networks in enhancing mobile entrepreneurship, focusing on the potential impacts, challenges, and opportunities that 5G technology brings to mobile entrepreneurs and their businesses. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews as the sole data collection method. Participants included a diverse group of mobile entrepreneurs, IT professionals, and policy makers, providing a broad perspective on the integration of 5G technology in mobile entrepreneurship. Four main themes were identified: the impact of 5G networks on mobile entrepreneurship, the effect of 5G on innovation and product development, technical and infrastructural challenges and barriers, and the social and cultural effects of 5G networks. Each theme comprised several sub-themes and associated concepts, highlighting the multifaceted role of 5G technology in mobile entrepreneurship. 5G networks hold significant potential to revolutionize mobile entrepreneurship by offering new opportunities for innovation, improving operational efficiencies, and enabling entrepreneurs to overcome traditional barriers. However, the successful adoption of 5G technology also requires addressing technical challenges and regulatory issues.