کتاب «گزیده غزلیات بیدل» نوشته محقق و شاعر خوش ذوق افغانی، محمدکاظم کاظمی، اثری است بسیار ارزشمند و شایان توجه که بیانگر احاطه ایشان بر افکار و عقاید و اشعار بیدل دهلوی است؛ با این حال، گاهی نگاه خاص و در بعضی ابیات خوانش نادرست و نگاه سطحی با تکیه بر فرضیاتی نه چندان قابل قبول و تامل برانگیز، این کتاب را بایسته نقد می کند؛ از جمله بی توجهی به خوشه های خیال یا شبکه تصویرها در شعر بیدل، بی توجهی به ابعاد هنری الفاظ، تسلط ناکافی بر معانی لغات و کنایات، بی توجهی به تعقیدهای لفظی و جابجایی ارکان جمله، استناد به چاپهای غیرعلمی غزلیات بیدل، ترجیح نسخه بدل های سست و غیرهنری بر نسخه بدل های قابل اعتماد و نکاتی دیگر که بعضی از ابیات این کتاب ارزشمند را در خور تجدید نظر کرده است. نگارندگان در این مقاله کوشیده اند تا با نگاهی دقیق و ژرف به موارد ذکرشده، تفسیرهای مستندتری از این ابیات ارائه بدهند.

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در بررسی سبک بیدل و پژوهش در وابسته های عددی شعر وی این باور شکل میگیرد که یکی از هنرهایی که در سبک هندی بویژه شعر بیدل جلوه گری میکند، ترکیبات جدید و استفاده از اعداد در ساخت آن است که عامل تنوع لغات و اصطلاحات در زبان شده است . ساخت این ترکیبات و ایجاد طرز نو و ساختار شکنی بیدل تعیین کننده جایگاه طرز او در بین شاعران سبک هندی است، در این جستار تلاش شد به ساخت انواع وابسته های عددی که شفیعی کدکنی در کتاب شاعر آینه ها از آن بعنوان عوامل ابهام زا نام میبرند، ترکیبات تازه و مضامین جدید غزلیات بیدل و تحلیل پیوند آنها اشاره شود تا بدین طریق یکی از شگردهای شعری بیدل نشان داده شود. شایان ذکر است که تمامی شاهد مثالهای غزلیات بیدل دهلوی برگرفته از کتاب کلیات بیدل، تصحیح اکبر بهاروند و پرویز عباسی داکانی و است.

آوازه و بزرگی بیدل تنها به شیوه بیان و پیچ و خم های زبانی او ختم نمی شود، بلکه برخی از شکوه و جلال و جذابیت شعر او به اندیشه اش مربوط است که به مثابه زبانش پر رمز و راز است. اگر بپذیریم که در حوزه معنا و اندیشه بیدل نیز برجستگی و خصوصیت های سبکی هست، می توان پرسید که این دگرگونی ها در قالب غزل چگونه خود را نشان داده است؟ اگر غزل، آیینه تغزل و سخنان غنایی است، عشق و اندیشه در آن چگونه با هم گره خورده است؟ آیا از نظر اندیشه می توان غزل بیدل را نوعی غزل خاص نامید؟ در این مقاله با طرح یکی از غزل های پرآوازه بیدل، به نقد اندیشه های مندرج در این غزل پرداخته ایم. حاصل این پردازش نیز این است که چنان که شعر سبک هندی در قالب گفتار و فرم متحول و دگرگون شده است، از جهت اندیشه و فکر نیز این تحول در نمونه های بارز شعر سبک هندی که سروده های بیدل یکی از نمایندگان پرآوازه آن است، دیده می شود.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their SELECTION and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the SELECTION and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the SELECTION of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager SELECTION and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of SELECTION of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature SELECTION is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature SELECTION is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.

Considering the fact that the words in the intra-religious attitude are considered in two ways, the first is towards jurisprudential words and the second is a rational and conceptual view focusing on their meanings. we have tried to deal with one of the most important issues of intra-religious attitude with a rational approach by descriptive and analytical method, which is the category of "hermeneutic interpretation" of words, especially the most influential idea of interpretation & that is the view of the "spirit of meaning" of Ghazali. After Ghazali, Ibn Arabi used this theory of Ghazali regarding the development of meaning in creating his new idea, and by re-reading Ghazali's idea with a mystical approach, he presented his own theory regarding the expansion of meaning. While accepting the argument of the focal point of the theory of the spirit of meaning, he removes it from the exclusivity to the "linear", and for this purpose, he brought up arguments as well as the Conditions of Hermeneutic Interpretation in this regard. Ibn Arabi's arguments on transversal interpretation include new formulations in the argument, which after him, this theory was favored and accepted by Mulla Sadra, and then it was accepted by his students.

To optimize tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plant tissue culture condition, the effect of 13 different hormonal combinations and two explants of cotyledon and hypocotyl on the regeneration rate of three Newton, Infinity and Defines cultivars were investigated. Experiments were conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The highest shoot number (11.9 shoots per explant) was obtained for Defines cultivar on MS medium containing the hormones of TDZ=0.68, NAA=0.1milligrams per liter and cotyledon explant. Plant defense responses against environmental factors are one of the inhibitor factors of explants regeneration in plant tissue culture. Calcium ion signaling is one of the primary events and, of course, the most important event in plant defense response against pathogens, Therefore, the effect of verapamil as a calcium channel blocker was investigated on the plant defense response. For this purpose, inoculation was performed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 and based on optimized tissue culture condition. The effect of verapamil in four concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per liter was investigated in a co-culture medium. Results showed that the use of verapamil in comparison with the control sample reduced the plant defense response. Also, the use of 50 milligrams per liter of verapamil increased the amount of regeneration

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