Background: Lesions arising from odontogenic tissues cover a wide spectrum, from simple cysts to benign tumors and even carcinomas. Unicystic AMELOBLASTOMA (UA), multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA (MA), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) are relatively common among these odontogenic lesions. Nevertheless, the exact origin of these lesions remains unclear. It is noteworthy that BRCA1/2 mutations have been identified as potential contributing factors to the onset of various cancers. The aim of the current study was to scrutinize the BRCA1/2 expression profiles in UA, MA, and AC samples. Methods: Biopsy specimens were collected from 60 patients, with 20 samples representing each lesion, sourced from the pathology department archive of a teaching hospital from 2000 to 2019. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted on all biopsy samples. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The differences in the data were compared with Mann- Whitney U test, and P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test results revealed significant differences between the examined samples in terms of the cytoplasmic expression level of the BRCA1 basal cells (P<0.001). Regarding the cytoplasmic expression of BRCA1 stellate reticulum-like cells, there was a statistically significant difference between the examined groups (P<0.001). Furthermore, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated a significant difference concerning the cytoplasmic expression levels of BRCA2 basal cells between the studied groups (P<0.003). Based on the Kruskal-Wallis results, significant differences were found in terms of the cytoplasmic expression level of BRCA2 stellate reticulum-like cells between the investigated samples (P<0.001). The Mann-Whitney U test compared differences between the two examined groups. Conclusion: The findings mainly revealed the expression of BRCA1/2 at the invasive front, which is composed of the most aggressive cells. Molecular interactions in this area may affect tumor progression. BRCA1/2 mutations can be a promising future treatment option for AMELOBLASTOMA and related lesions.

Background: Lesions arising from odontogenic tissues cover a wide spectrum, from simple cysts to benign tumors and even carcinomas. Unicystic AMELOBLASTOMA (UA), multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA (MA), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) are relatively common among these odontogenic lesions. Nevertheless, the exact origin of these lesions remains unclear. It is noteworthy that BRCA1/2 mutations have been identified as potential contributing factors to the onset of various cancers. The aim of the current study was to scrutinize the BRCA1/2 expression profiles in UA, MA, and AC samples. Methods: Biopsy specimens were collected from 60 patients, with 20 samples representing each lesion, sourced from the pathology department archive of a teaching hospital from 2000 to 2019. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted on all biopsy samples. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The differences in the data were compared with Mann- Whitney U test, and P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test results revealed significant differences between the examined samples in terms of the cytoplasmic expression level of the BRCA1 basal cells (P<0.001). Regarding the cytoplasmic expression of BRCA1 stellate reticulum-like cells, there was a statistically significant difference between the examined groups (P<0.001). Furthermore, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated a significant difference concerning the cytoplasmic expression levels of BRCA2 basal cells between the studied groups (P<0.003). Based on the Kruskal-Wallis results, significant differences were found in terms of the cytoplasmic expression level of BRCA2 stellate reticulum-like cells between the investigated samples (P<0.001). The Mann-Whitney U test compared differences between the two examined groups. Conclusion: The findings mainly revealed the expression of BRCA1/2 at the invasive front, which is composed of the most aggressive cells. Molecular interactions in this area may affect tumor progression. BRCA1/2 mutations can be a promising future treatment option for AMELOBLASTOMA and related lesions.

Desmoplastic AMELOBLASTOMA is a rare variant of AMELOBLASTOMA. Up until now, less than 150 patients have been reported in the literature. We report a case of desmoplastic AMELOBLASTOMA in a 45-year-old female with a painless swelling in the left anterior maxillary region. Fine needle aspiration yielded no fluid. Periapical and panoramic radiographs as well as computer tomography scan showed a mixed lesion with multilocular appearance. The present case deserves special importance be-cause of its unfamiliar appearance, potentially aggressive nature and high chances of misdiagnosis. Moreover, the radio-graphic features of this lesion rarely point towards AMELOBLASTOMA. A partial maxillectomy for tumor resection was per-formed and the involved teeth were removed. This report is an attempt to help the dental community in developing familiarity with the clinical presentation and at the same time advocating to develop a high index of suspicion in recognizing such cases.

A 27-year-old male was admitted with a tumor of mandible that affected 2/3 of the body of the bone with progressive enlargement. The chief complaint of the patient was pain and bulging. In incisional biopsy with local anesthesia, AMELOBLASTOMA was reported. After resection with safe margins (1-1.5 cm), we had a larger defect and for reconstruction we needed sufficient bone. We used mandibular graft as allograft from the bone bank. All the documents are present in the paper.

Background: Odontogenic lesions range from simple cysts to benign tumors and carcinomas. Unicystic AMELOBLASTOMA is a monocystic lesion and a less aggressive tumor compared to multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA. Ameloblastic carcinoma is the malignant variant of the multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA and may arise de novo or from malignant transformation of a long-standing multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA. Methods: We collected 54 tissue samples obtained from patients from 2000-2017 that were stored in the archives section of the Pathology Department of Taleghani Educational Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry analysis. Immunostaining of the markers was assessed via quantitative methods. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the chisquare test. Results: One-way ANOVA analysis and the chi-square test did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the expression levels of endocan, ET-1, and ETAR and lesion type. A positive correlation existed between ET-1 and ETAR expression levels in unicystic AMELOBLASTOMA and multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA (Pearson’ s r = 0. 506, P<0. 002), and between ET-1 and ETAR expression levels in unicystic AMELOBLASTOMA and ameloblastic carcinoma (Pearson’ s r = 0. 376, P<0. 024). Conclusion: This study revealed a positive correlation between the histological degree of lesion and endocan, ET-1, and ETAR expression levels. Hence, it might suggest that multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA develops from unicystic AMELOBLASTOMA. Over time, multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA may undergo a malignant transformation to ameloblastic carcinoma. Possibly, a simple cystic neoplasm can progress to a cystic lesion with invasion to the connective tissue wall and a gradual development into a true neoplasm (multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA), with potential for malignant transformation (ameloblastic carcinoma). Endocan, ET-1, and ETAR can be used as prognostic biomarkers for different variants of multicystic AMELOBLASTOMA and possible new targets for cancer therapy.

Odontogenic tumors constitute a group of heterogeneous lesions of benign and malignant neoplasms with variable aggressiveness. AMELOBLASTOMAs are a group of benign but locally invasive neoplasms that occur in the jaws and are derived from epithelial elements of the tooth-forming apparatus. We previously described orosomucoid-1 protein expression in odontogenic myxomas. However, whether orosomucoid-1 is expressed in other odontogenic tumors remains unknown. Since orosomucoid-1 belongs to a group of acute-phase proteins and has many functions in health and disease, we identified and analyzed orosomucoid-1 expression in AMELOBLASTOMA variants and ameloblastic carcinoma using western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. Thirty cases of AMELOBLASTOMA were analyzed for orsomucoid-1; five specimens were fresh for western blot study (four benign AMELOBLASTOMAs and one ameloblastic carcinoma), and 25 cases of benign AMELOBLASTOMA for immunohistochemical assays. Orosomucoid-1 was widely expressed in each tumor variant analyzed in this study, and differential orosomucoid-1 expression was observed between benign and malignant tumor. Orosomucoid-1 may play an important role in the behavior of AMELOBLASTOMAs and influence the biology and development of the variants of this tumor.