Introduction: Celery (Apium graveolens) from Aliaceae contains apigenin and isoquercetin. This herb has anti-inflammatory activity and in traditional medicine is used as diuretic and ANTISPASMODIC remedy. The aim of present study was to investigate the ANTISPASMODIC effect of Apium graveolens leaf extract on rat ileum contractility.Methods: Apium graveolens leaf hydroalcoholic extract (ALHE) was prepared by mixing celery leaf powder with 70% alcohol for 72 h at room temperature using maceration method. Solvent was evaporated and extract powder was obtained. A terminal portion of male rat ileum was dissected and its contractions were recorded isotonically in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution (10 ml, pH 7.4, 37 ؛C) under 1 g tension.Results: cumulative concentrations of ALHE (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/ml) reduced the ileum contraction induced by KCl (60mM) and by carbachol (10μM) dose-dependently (P<0.0001). The ANTISPASMODIC effect of ALHE was not reduced by tissue incubation with propranolol (30 min, 1μM), naloxone (30 min, 1μM), L-NAME (20 min, 100μM). In Ca2+-free with high K+ (60mM) Tyrode solution, ALHE (1, 2 and 4mg/ml) reduced the ileum contractions induced by CaCl2 (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8mM) dose-dependently (P<0.01-P<0.0001).Conclusion: Apium graveolens hydroalcoholic leaf extract inhibits the ileum contractions without involving β-adrenoceptors, opioid receptors, NO synthesis. It seems that the calcium channels are involved in the spasmolytic effect of the extract.

Introduction: Physalis alkekengi fruit (from Solanaceae) shows diuretic and laxative activities. The aim of present ýstudy was to investigate the ANTISPASMODIC effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract on rat ileum contractility.Methods: ýLeaf powder of Physalis alkekengi was extracted by maceration in 70% alcohol for 72 h. A terminal portion of male ýrat ileum was dissected and its contractions were recorded isotonically in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution ýý (37 ؛C, pH 7.4) under 1 g tension.Results: Extract cumulative concentrations (0.25-2 mg/ml) reduced the ileum ýcontraction induced by KCl (60 mM) and by carbachol (10μM) dose-dependently (P<0.0001). The ANTISPASMODIC ýeffect of extract was not reduced by tissue incubation with propranolol (1μM), naloxone (1μM), L-NAME (100μM). In ýCa2+-free with high K+ (60mM) Tyrode solution, extract (0.5-2mg/ml) reduced the ileum contractions induced by CaCl2 ýdose-dependently (P<0.05- P<0.01).Conclusion: Physalis alkekengi leaf extract inhibits ileum contractions without ýinvolving b-adrenoceptors, opioid receptors, NO synthesis. It seems that the calcium channels are involved in the ýspasmolytic effect of the extract.

Achillea species has been used in traditional medicine as ANTISPASMODIC. The aerial parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes. The plant soaked ina 90% aqueous-methanol solution in a large container for 3 days. The combined filtrate was evaporated on a rotary evaporator to a thick semi-solidpaste. The spasmolytic activity of Achillea teunifolia was studied using isolated guinea pig ileum. Respective segments of 2 cm length were suspended in a 10mL tissue bath containing Tyrode’s. For determination of calcium antagonist activity, K+ was used to depolarize the intestinal preparations. High K+ (80mM) was added to the tissue bath, which produced a sustained contraction. Samples were then added in a cumulative fashion to obtain concentration-dependent inhibitory responses. The relaxation of intestinal preparations, pre-contracted with K+ (80mM) was expressed as the percent of the control response mediated by K+, to confirm the calcium antagonist activity of test. The extract caused a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous and K+ induced contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum. Incubating with Ac.te (0.3–1.0mg/mL) shifted the Ca2+ CRCs to the right .These effects were comparable to that produced by nifedipin. It can be concluded that, the ANTISPASMODIC action is mediated through a calcium antagonistic effect, which was confirmed when the Achillea teunifolia extract caused a concentration-dependent rightward shift in the Ca2+ CRCs, similar to that caused by nifedipin.

Achillea species has been used in traditional medicine as ANTISPASMODIC. The aerial parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes.The plant materials soaked in a 90% aqueous-methanol solution in a large container for 3 days. Combined filtrate was evaporated on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to a thick semi-solid paste.The spasmolytic activity of Acillea fillipendula was studied using isolatedguinea pig ileum. Respective segments of 2cm length were suspended in a 10mL tissue bath containing Tyrode’s. K+ was used to depolarize the intestinal preparations. High K+ (80mM) was added to the tissue bath, which produced a sustained contraction. Samples were added in a cumulative fashion to obtain concentration-dependent inhibitory responses. The relaxation of intestinal preparations, pre-contracted with K+ (80mM) was expressed as the percent of the control response mediated by K+. To confirm the calcium antagonist activity of test substances.The extract caused a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous and K+- induced contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum incubating the intestinal preparations with Ac.fi (0.3–1.0mg/mL) shifted the Ca+2 CRCs to the right .These effects were comparable to that produced by nifedipin. the extract caused inhibition of spontaneous and high k+-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum , thus showing that the ANTISPASMODIC action is mediated through a calcium antagonist effect, which was confirmed when the Acillea fillipendula extract caused a concentration-dependent rightward shift in the Ca+2 CRCs, similar to that caused by nifedipin.

Introduction: Piper nigrum (Black pepper) from Piperaceae is main constituent of food spice and piperine as its main component increases bile and small intestine secretions, but reduces the gastric emptying and increases intestine transit time in rat and mouse. In Iranian traditional medicine, black pepper is used to relief the menorrhalgia in women. This study was performed to investigate the effect of black pepper fruit aqueous extract on rat ileum contractions caused by spasmogens and the mechanism(s) its action.Methods: Aqueous extract of black pepper was prepared and its effect on precontracted ileum was examined.Results: Cumulative concentrations of black pepper aqueous extract (0.0625-1 mg/ml) reduced the ileal contractions induced by KCl (60 mM) and carbachol (10 mM) dose dependently (P<0.0001). The spasmolytic effect of extract on the KCl-induced contractions were unaffected by ileum incubation (30 min, 1 µM) with propranolol and even potentiated by incubation with naloxone (30 min, 1 µM) and L-NAME (20 min, 100 µM). Potassium channels blockers, glibenclamide and tetraethylammonium (5 min, 10 µM and 1mM respectively) did not reduce the extract ANTISPASMODIC effects in carbachol-induced ileal contractions. In calcium free Tyrode solution with high potassium (60mM), extract (0.0625-1mg/ml) reduced the contractions induced by cumulative concentrations of calcium chloride (0.225-2.7mM) dose dependently (P<0.01- P<0.0001).Conclusion: Our results suggest that the spasmolytic effect of black pepper aqueous extract on rat ileum was mediated via voltage dependent calcium channels. However, the b-adrenoceptors, opioid receptors, nitric oxide generation, potassium channels activation were not involved.

Introduction: Onion (Allium cepa) from Liliaceae has antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. The aim of present study was to investigate the ANTISPASMODIC effect of onion peel on rat ileum contractility.Methods: Onion peel powder was extracted by maceration in 70% alcohol for 72 h. A terminal portion of male rat ileum was dissected and its contractions were recorded isotonically in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution (37 ؛C) under 1g tension.Results: Extract cumulative concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/ml) reduced the ileum contraction induced by KCl (60 mM) and by carbachol (10μM) dose-dependently (P<0.0001). The ANTISPASMODIC effect of extract was not reduced by tissue incubation with propranolol (1μM), naloxone (1μM), L-NAME (100μM), glibenclamide (10μM) and neither by tetraethylammonium (1mM). In Ca2+-free with high K+ (60mM) Tyrode solution, extract reduced the ileum contractions induced by CaCl2 dose-dependently (P<0.05). Conclusion: Onion peel extract inhibits ileum contractions without involving β-adrenoceptors, opioid receptors, NO synthesis, and without potassium channels activation. It seems that the voltage dependent calcium channels are involved in the spasmolytic effect of the extract.

TENDENCY TO UTILIZE EPHEDRA CONTAIN PRODUCT ARE INCREASING DUE TO ITS FAVORABLE PROPERTIES SUCH AS ENERGYTIC, FAT BURNING, DECONGESTANT ETC. PRESENT OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AGONISM Α AND Β ADRENERGIC COMPOUND AND LACK OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH ON THIS ISSUE, WE CONDUCT THIS STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EPHEDRA MAJOR HOST (E. MAJOR).