Hospital information system, as an integrated system consists of complex, diverse, and heterogeneous information systems, which supports all clinical, administrative, and financial activities of patients,therefore, it faces interoperability problems, which is a critical feature of data sharing and integration. In this regard, a reference architecture will be presented for the integration of different systems in the hospital which comprises system, information and software architecture. This architecture emphasizes interoperability with eight layers of user interface and application, services, data collection and storage, integration, external application systems, communication and information infrastructure, management, and security/privacy, based on service orientation. It will be evaluated by ATAM method, based on ten scenarios. It shows the presented architecture will satisfy all functional and non-functional requirements such as interoperability between different information systems, reduction of information redundancy and development cost and time, scalability and accessibility.

Nowadays in the business world, all levels of all organizations need a concise planning. Regarding high-speed growth in globalization and competition trend, moving the organizations to the creation of integrated software systems with using latest technologies is a necessity. One of the most significant among the above-mentioned software systems is ERP. Both SOA and cloud deals with delivering services to business with improved agility increased speed and reduced cost that can lead to greater innovation and effective returns on investment. In this paper, after study about functional and nonfunctional requirements of ERP systems, by a framework, It will be study and research about achievement in ERP systems after engaging SOA and cloud computing and their impacts on ERP. Such that these impacts will resolve so many of shortages and needs of conventional ERP as well as reduction of risks and costs of implementation of ERP in organizations. Finally, we used ATAM for evaluating the framework. The idea of the experts in both business and ICT gathered by questionnaire and the data analyzed via TOPSIS method. Similar research for using strength of SOA and cloud computing in traditional ERP in shipping industry is a novelty.

Blockchain is a technology that enables distributed and secure data structures for various business domains. Bitcoin is a notable blockchain application that is a decentralized digital currency with immense popularity and value. Bitcoin involves many concepts and processes that require modelling for better comprehension and development. Modelling is a technique that simplifies and abstracts a system at a certain level of detail and accuracy. Software modelling is applied in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), which automates the software development process using models and transformations. Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are languages that are customized for a specific domain and offer intuitive syntax for domain experts.  To address the need for specialized tools for Bitcoin blockchain modelling, we propose a novel Unified Modelling Language (UML) profile that is specifically designed for this domain. UML is a standard general-purpose modelling language that can be extended by profiles to support specific domains. A meta-model is a model that defines the syntax and semantics of a modelling language. The proposed meta-model, which includes stereotypes, tagged values, enumerations, and constraints defined by Object Constraint Language (OCL), is defined as a UML profile. The proposed meta-model is implemented in the Sparx Enterprise Architect (Sparx EA) modelling tool, which is a widely used tool for software modelling and design. To validate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed UML profile, we developed a real-world case study using the proposed meta-model and conducted an evaluation using the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM). The results showed the proposed UML profile promising.