Background and Objectives: Brain Abscess remains a potentially fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease, especially in developing countries. Anaerobic Abscess is difficult to diagnose because of cumbersome procedures associated with the isolation of anaerobes.Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective microbiological analysis of 430 brain Abscess materials (purulent aspirates and/or tissue), for anaerobic organisms, that were received between 1987-2014, by the Microbiology Laboratory in our Institute.Results: Culture showed growth of bacteria 116.430 (27%) of the cases of which anaerobes were isolated in 48.116 (41.1%) of the cases. Peptostreptococcus (51.4%), was the predominant organism isolated in four cases followed by Bacteroides and Peptococcus species.Conclusion: Early diagnosis and detection of these organisms would help in the appropriate management of these patients.

Background: Brain Abscess is one of the most important diseases among the neurosurgical infectious diseases which is accompanied by considerable mortality and morbidity. The aim of this research is contemplation of brain Abscess in children (5-12 years) to ascertain the incidence, effectual underlying factors, clinical and laboratory findings and mortality and morbidity rates in Ghaem hospital in Mashad since 10 years ago. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytic study in children with brain Abscess in Ghaem hospital achieved retrospectively. We considered age, sex, underlying factors, clinical and laboratory findings, location of Abscess, methods of treatment (medical or surgical), the duration of staying in hospital, and mortality and morbidity of the disease. Statistical analysis was achieved with Odds Ratio and Chi2 test.Findings: The age of children with brain Abscess was 5-7 years. Male to female ratio was 1.6 to 1.The most common underlying factors for brain Abscesses were acute and chronic diseases of ear, mastoiditis, and chronic cyanotic heart disease (CCHD). The patients had fever (55.5 %), headache (46.6%), focal neurological findings (64.6%) and altered consciousness in 46.7%. The most common sites of involvement were: temporo-parietal (20%) and parietal lobe (18.2%). Pus culturing was positive in 34% of cases. In 73.3% of cases one organism and in 26.6% several organisms were found in the culture. We achieved aspirated type operation in 93.3 % of cases. The incidence of mortality and morbidity was 17.7% totally. The mortality and morbidity rates in patients with CCHD and otogenic brain Abscess were 11.1% and 22.2% respectively. There was no meaningful correlation between mortality and morbidity with the number of Abscesses or patients age.Conclusion: Attention to hygiene of mouth and teeth in pediatric patients with cyanotic heart disease is very important in prevention of infectious brain diseases. We must also consider attention to ear-nose-throat diseases of children. It is very important that the patients are examined again after treatment because of finding and treatment of unknown otitis and chronic sinusitis.

Retroperitoneal and horseshoe Abscesses are particularly important because of the anatomic characteristics and the clinical differences between treatment approaches. There are several challenges in treating perirectal and retroperitoneal Abscess, the most important of which are partial recovery, high recurrence rates, and continence problems. A 65-yearold male patient underwent laparotomy at an external center with a diagnosis of ileus. Although no intraoperative pathology was detected, ileus persisted postoperatively, and the patient was referred to our clinic where he was diagnosed with a complicated horseshoe Abscess, 9 cm in diameter and displaying retroperitoneal extension. Perirectal Abscess drainage was performed, and the patient was discharged on the 5th day after the treatment. To the best of our knowledge, there have not been any previously reported cases of ileus caused by retroperitoneal Abscess as a complication of horseshoe Abscess. The case presented in this paper represents a rare complication, thereby contributing to the literature which remains to be explored.

In the present study, a 63-year-old patient with no history of immunodeficiency was described. Accordingly, he referred to our center with fever, sweating, shaking chills, cough, and retrosternal chest pain that started three weeks ago. Pre-operative CT scan revealed a cystic mass with peripheral enhancement in the anterior mediastinum. The patient underwent open thoracic surgery and as a result, an infected thymic cyst was seen which was confirmed by performing pathologic examinations after resection.