The present project is an attempt to give a model of African-American subjectivity by applying different theories of subjectivity to Toni Morrison' s representation of African-American people in BELOVED. Since BELOVED represents a group of ex-slaves, who remember harsh memories of slavery, their subjectivities can be analyzed from a post-colonial perspective within the framework of the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized. As slaves, black people’s sense of selfhood is drastically destroyed by white people’s inhuman treatment of them. However, they show signs of self-awareness and agency by resisting slavery’s subjugating mechanisms and discourses. By the use of subjectivity theories of postcolonial critics such as Edward Said, Frantz Fanon and Homi Bhabha, as well as theories of the Chicana feminist, Gloria Anzald.a, we explain how black people are capable of preserving a sense of selfhood and to what extent they are active agents in their actions. We also investigate their subjectivities after freedom and explore the importance of community relationships and unity among black people in casting aside their commodified subjectivities and developing strong, dynamic consciousnesses.

The present article deals with the sayings of Baha al-din Valad written in his famous journal, entitled Maaref which has been published in 13333 by the efforts of Professor Fourouzanfar. It is an attempt to make a comparison between the characteristics of the BELOVED in the words of Baha Valad with what Moulana has drawn of his BELOVED and master Shams Tabrizi in his Ghazaliat.Through this comparison and assessment, the writer seeks similarities in line of thought of the father and the son and also reveals point of departure in their thoughts.

In Islam, as affected by Islamic mysticism and the religious verses and traditions, woman is always carrying the position of being BELOVED in her instinct and destiny because "woman" has been the merit and manifestation of divine love on the earth, and in fact it is man who has been seeking divine attributes and love through the reflection of woman. In short, one can say that the position of woman in the heaven of "human beauty" is located and it is from this angle that mystic and by loving her achieve the infinite levels in terms of perfection and spirituality through "almojaaz ghantaratol haghighah" and "ascending arc". But unfortunately during the misfortunes of time, such a delicate human as stated by Rumi is ' from abundance he came but into the quantity he went'. Stuck in quantity is one of the disasters of our time so that some of the "Islamic philosophers" have mentioned that in their speeches and writings. Nowadays, human being has lost a great deal of its dear positions in divine and human identity during the "dominating quantity" of history via making theories on false school of thoughts. In this aspect and current situation, woman has got her own sorrowful story.

Patriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusions by neighboring countries and profit-seeking interventions of Europeans which resulted in humiliation of Iranians, as well as the weakness of the authorities in managing national affairs and maintaining Iran's territorial integrity wounded the pride of all Iranian patriots. As a result, poets, as their social mission, aimed to incite passion and understanding of the people regarding patriotism, and at the same time, cut short the hands of courtiers and foreigners. However, their patriotism was generally emotional and lacked an intellectual and philosophical depth. So, their attitude toward their country was the a combination of various patriotic beliefs including nationalism, internationalism, chauvinism, and even in the sense of birthplace. Considering the mixture of poets’ patriotic attitudes and also their mental and linguistic background, this paper attempts to study the intensions and levels of patriotism in the poems of prominent and influents poets of Constitutionalism period.

As far as "Jaheli" poetry is concerned the main theme is woman the evidence for which is found in the scarcity of ode begun with anything except love, sonnet, description of female beauties and the poet to reach her mysteries. A "Jaheli" poet describes woman beauties primarily fascinated by her face, the beauty of her body quite expectedly, but describing her moral spiritual aspects and an image of her affection as well as the love story between and woman just come after the description of women body. Moreover, Jaheli woman is superior to the ordinary people and enters poets' lives inspiring them with simultaneously encouraging them to create artistic works which results in masterpieces in describing woman and innovation in portraying her beauties.The Jaheli poet portrays an statute of Jaheli woman in whose forehead some signs are evident. His poetry starts from hair and comes to the feet. This is a simile suggesting the secret of life full of morals and spiritual attributes which themselves are ones that Jaheli man appreciates as a whole in the woman.

The current paper briefly investigates the different perspectives~adopted bytwo mystical poets-Hafiz and Ibn Farez-on the BELOVED. On the one hand~ thecelebratedmystical poet of Iran~Hafiz~views the heaven from the earth; thushis BELOVED has both characteristics of the earth and the heaven. On the otherhand~Ibn Farez~the mystical poet from Egypt takes a heavenly view towardsthe BELOVED. Nonetheless~the manifestation of the BELOVED in his work also encompasses earthly features~ therefore~ the BELOVED is not presented as a purely heavenly being. This line of argument will be supportedby a number of examples taken from the works of these two mystkalpoets.

One of the cases of the use of Contradiction and Paradox in literary works is the description of the lover and the BELOVED, Because the power of love is beyond what can flow in the normal speech of the language. To describe the concept of love poets and writers go beyond ordinary language to better express the state of the lover and the BELOVED. In this research, an attempt has been made to answer this question by using critical discourse analysis and Fairclough's three-dimensional model, what is the role and position of Contradiction and Paradox in expressing the state of the lover and the BELOVED The result of the research is that Contradiction and Paradox are evident at all levels of Fairclough's theory. The use of Contradiction and Paradox to express the state of the lover is more than the BELOVED. The gender difference makes the poet use different methods of contradiction and paradox to describe the lover and the BELOVED. The male sex has more power than the female, and the poet uses a more obvious contrast, But because revealing the issues of love for the female gender is against the custom, he uses contrast.

Love and the states of the lover and the BELOVED are a common theme that manifests itself in different ways among societies and generations. People have long spoken of love in poetry and prose, so that the poems of many poets of Persian and Arabic literature are associated with love, poetry and description of the BELOVED, this literary style expresses the inner feelings of the poet / lover towards the BELOVED; Whether real or virtual. Sultan Al-Asheqin Ibn Farid is the greatest poet of the Arabic literature and is very famous for his romantic and mystical poems. He is a poet of love and the BELOVED which are the main focus of his poems. Hence, the description of the beauty of the BELOVED and the mention of physical and moral attributes are the main themes and motifs of all romantic and mystical sonnets; In this article, Ibn Fariz's BELOVED image has been examined in the form of description of physical and behavioral characteristics, and it has been concluded that Ibn Fariz's poetry is all about the description of the BELOVED and the states of love, and this love is pure love and in fact a step towards It, is divine love.

Describing and praising her lover and expressing her characteristics are the main pillars of poetry and rich literature, but sometimes because of living in a particular geography such as Afghanistan, she speaks for her lover according to the customs and traditions of that society. The poet and the writer are limited. But over time, a number of poets and writers have been able to capture the pen and portray their feminine feelings on various subjects, including the BELOVED. Among these Afghan women poets and writers is "The Mirror of Heroes", a brilliant 14th century AH woman. Which depicts the BELOVED in two facets (facial, facial, eye, etc. ) and positive or negative esoteric (with faithfulness, disbelief, arrogance, bad faith, etc. ) And she whines about her frustration and failure to reach her lover. The authors intend to explore the BELOVED in the poet's divan through library method and content analysis, to look at the BELOVED's esoteric characteristics and esoteric character from a woman's point of view in a specific social setting and to provide readers with a love for the culture in this area.

In contemporary American society the dominant discourse of the white contend to suppress ethnic minority cultures. Throughout the American history, Euro-Americans have devised their own discourse in order to legitimize their colonization and suppress Native and African Americans as it is evident in Toni Morrison’ s BELOVED. In order to reach the goals, the white people attached certain meanings to the signs which privileged the white culture over other ethnic minorities. How they have tried to articulate their discourse, its effects on the mentioned minorities and how this dominant discourse is resisted are the sole concern of this essay. Laclau and Mouffee’ s theory on discourse is used to show how opposing cultures have tried to articulate their discourse in the mentioned novel and also how the ethnic minorities in the mentioned novel try to attach different meanings to the floating signifiers in order to construct a discourse specific to their own culture. In this sense, Alan Sinfield’ s theory of faultlines and Raymond Williams’ theory of Dominant, Residual and Emergent and also theories of Michel Bakhtin, Louise Montrose, and Antonio Gramsci are used to show how the minorities channelize their resistances against the dominant Euro-American discourse...