Brucellosis is a well-known infection in domestic animals which caused by Brucella bacterium. Due to serious economic and medical consequences of this disease, various efforts have been made to prevent the infection through the use of recombinant vaccines based on Brucella outer membrane protein (OMP) antigens. The objectives of the present study were cloning, sequencing and epitope prediction of Omp25 and BLS genes as two major Brucella melitensis antigens. The full-length open reading frame (ORF) of Omp25 and BLS genes were amplified and cloned into pTZ57R/T vector. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced genes showed that both genes were nearly similar in different Brucella species. Several online prediction softwares were used to predict B and T-cells epitopes, secondary and tertiary structures, antigenicity ability and enzymatic degradation sites. Bioinformatic tools used in the current study were confirmed by the results of three different experimental epitope predictions. Bioinformatic analysis identified five and two B-cell and two and one T-cell epitopes for Omp25 and BLS antigens, respectively. Finally, according to the antigenicity ability and proteosomal recognition site common B and T-cell epitope was predicted for Omp25 (154-162 amino acids) and BLS (37-48 and 119-139 amino acids). Results of this study might be useful for recombinant vaccine development.

Introduction: It is imperative, if not fundamental, for medical students to receive continuing education in Basic life support (BLS). This present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of continuing education using social media in this regard. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, a questionnaire containing 20 items about BLS awareness was completed by the interns who were trainedmonthly in the emergency medicine training course. Then half of the interns received distant education through Telegramsoftware up to three months, and the other did not receive any further education. Again, both groups completed the questionnaire at the end of the third month. Results: 100 medical interns with the mean age of 25. 05 § 1. 26 years were allocated to two groups of 50 subjects (65. 0% female). Two groups were similar regarding the mean age (p = 0. 304), gender (p = 0. 529), mean awareness score at the beginning of the study (p = 0. 916), and average pre-internship exam score (p = 0. 080). The mean awareness score of medical interns increased significantly in intervention (11. 44 § 2. 37 to 14. 88 § 1. 97, p < 0. 0001) and control (11. 38 § 3. 22 to 12. 54 § 3. 04, p < 0. 0001) groups at second examination. But mean difference of awareness score, before and after the education, was significantly higher in intervention group (3. 44 § 1. 48 versus 1. 16 § 1. 51; p < 0. 0001). Conclusion: The increase in the BLS awareness score was significantly higher in medical interns who were continuously educated using Telegram social media software.

Introduction: Basic Life Support (BLS) is a medical treatment used in life-threatening emergencies until the sufferer can be properly cared for by a team of paramedics or in a hospital. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding BLS and the contributing factors among the Arab non-medical population. Methods: An online survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted among non-medical populations in nine Arab countries between April 13, 2022, and June 30, 2022. The utilized questionnaire consisted of two parts: part one included socio-demographic characteristics and part two measured knowledge of BLS through an online survey. Results: The research included a total of 4465 participants. 2540 (56. 89%) of the participants were knowledgeable about BLS. Themean basic life support knowledge scores of participants who received training were higher than those who had not (20. 11 ±,4. 20 vs. 16. 96 ±,5. 27,p< 0. 01). According to the nations, Yemen scored the highest, whileMorocco had the lowest levels of BLS knowledge (19. 86 ±,4. 71 vs. 14. 15 ±,5. 10, respectively,p< 0. 01). Additionally, individuals who resided in urban areas scored on average higher than those who did in rural areas (17. 86 ±,5. 19 vs. 17. 13 ±,5. 24, p= 0. 032) in understanding basic life support. Age, information sources, and previous training with theoretical and practical classes were significant predictors of BLS knowledge. Conclusion: The level of BLS knowledge among non-medical people in Arab nations is moderate but insufficient to handle the urgent crises that we face everywhere. In addition to physicians being required to learn the BLS principles, non-medical people should also be knowledgeable of the necessary actions to take in emergency events.

Background: Brucella is a type of bacteria that causes a disease known as brucellosis in both humans and animals. Many different vaccine formulations are available for this disease; however, vaccines based on epitopes have shown to be effective, especially in combating this pathogen. In the present study, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine against brucellosis using a chimeric protein that combines segments from various Brucella proteins known to contain both B- and T-cell epitopes. Methods: In this study, a vaccine candidate was developed using multiple epitopes derived from various proteins, including OMP31, TF, BLS, SOD, BP26, and L9. These epitopes were selected based on their high density of both B-cell and T-cell epitopes. The construct of the vaccine candidate was inserted into a pEGFP-N1 vector and introduced into HEK-293T cells. Subsequently, the vaccine was tested on different groups of mice; some received the expressed protein in E. coli, while others received the DNA vaccine candidate. An ELISA assay was employed to evaluate the humoral immune response. Results: Both the MEB protein (Pro/Pro) and pCI-MEB plasmid/MEB protein (DNA/Pro) groups showed a specific humoral response. The anti-DNA vaccine antibody titer did not rise as high as that of the protein groups; however, the observed protection indicated the efficiency of the DNA vaccine in activating the immune system.  Conclusion: While the chimeric DNA vaccine candidate induced a weaker humoral response, it remained effective in protecting against virulent strains of B. abortus and B. melitensis in the challenge route.