Background-Palmar hyperhidrosis is a fairly common disease with an unknown etiology. Some treatment modalities have shown benefits, the most recent of which is the injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A). We tried to test the beneficial effects of BTX (Dysport) in Iranian patients. Methods-Fifteen volunteers with severe palmar hyperhidrosis, diagnosed by iodine starch test, were enrolled in the study. Employing a standardized scheme, Dysport was injected intradermally into the palmar aspect of patients’ dominant hands. The distal parts of the non-dominant hands were injected by normal saline as control. Follow-up was performed using iodine starch test. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for comparison between the cases and controls. Results-Satisfactory response to treatment was achieved in 13 out of 15 patients. Comparing the cases with the controls, Dysport showed a significant beneficial effect (p<0.001). Weakness of handgrip was seen in 13 patients. Conclusion-We suggest using Dysport in the treatment of selected cases of severe palmar hyperhidrosis.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of neuro-development treatment (NDT) technique and NDT plus botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection on the reduction of spasticity and improvement of the quality of movement patterns of lower limb in hemiplegic patients. For this purpose, 15 hemiplegic (8 female and 7 male cases) with an age range of 27-70 years participated in this study. The patients were in spastic phase and able to walk with or without assisting device. The severity of spasticity was measured by the original Ashworth scale (OAS) and was assigned from 1 to 3. Five patients were treated using NDT method (Group A) and ten patients were treated using combination method (NDT plus BTX-A injection, Group B). BTX-A injection was performed in gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles. NDT technique was performed in both groups for 10 sessions. Baseline assessments consisted of measuring the severity of spasticity in plantar flexors according to OAS, active and passive range of motion of ankle joint and the quality of movement patterns of lower limb in the standing position according to NDT. In both groups, reduced spasticity, increased active and passive range of motion and improved quality of movement patterns were observed, while the mean changes of these parameters was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group B. In each group, the rate of recovery according to the improvement of the quality of movement patterns was correlated with the severity of spastisity (P<0.05). Meanwhile, NDT technique may reduce spasticity and may increase range of motion and quality of movement patterns through an inhibitory effect on the abnormal movement patterns and facilitation of normal responses and increasing the ability of patients to perform discrete movements in spite of the presence of synergic movement patterns. Direct attenuating effect of BTX-A on muscle tone and spasticity may increase the effectiveness of NDT technique.

MFI zeolite membranes were prepared on porous a-alumina substrates, using secondary growth of nano-seeded layers. The resulting membranes were characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), and pervaporation performance tests for separation of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) mixture from contaminated water.The morphology, thickness, homogeneity, crystal preferential orientation and permeation properties of these membranes have been studied in relation to the seed layers. Successful separation of BTX mixture from water was performed by using the manufactured MFI zeolite membrane. The influence of temperature, feed concentration on the membrane separation efficiency systematically investigated. The total permeation fluxes were found to increase with increase in temperature and feed concentration. The separation factors increased with increasing feed concentration and decreased with increasing in temperature.

A new approach in this work was the biodegradation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene (BTX) using Airlift Parallel Bioreactors (APB’s) connected to the Plexiglas Bio-Scrubber (PBS) Modulated with Polyurethane Foam (MPF) as modified sort in the use of mineral pumice as a porous filler Lava rock media. The aeration bioreactors were set up with a microbial consortium of refinery Sludge Effluent Sewer (SES) treatment and nutrient solution. The performance of PBS for BTX removing by APB’s filled with Activated Sludge Effluent Sewer (ASES) in the range of inlet BTX concentrations from 180.7 to 881.8 ppmv in different air pollutions flow rates was tried for two rates: 2.5 & 3.5 L/min  at 30 days Mean Residence Time Distribution (MRTD) for each treatment. The results showed that at inlet pollutant concentrations of [B] = 180.7 ppmv, [T] = 327.4 ppmv & [X] = 297.5 ppmv, the removal efficiency in flow rate 2.5 lit/min was 90.7, 88, and 83.6(%) for benzene, toluene, and xylene, respectively. The amount of removal in flow rate 2.5 lit/min was better than the removal efficiency of 3.5 lit/min due to lower pollution concentration.

A new approach in this work was the biodegradation of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene (BTX) using Airlift Parallel Bioreactors (APB’s) connected to the Plexiglas Bio-Scrubber (PBS) Modulated with Polyurethane Foam (MPF) as modified sort in the use of mineral pumice as a porous filler Lava rock media. The aeration bioreactors were set up with a microbial consortium of refinery Sludge Effluent Sewer (SES) treatment and nutrient solution. The performance of PBS for BTX removing by APB’s filled with Activated Sludge Effluent Sewer (ASES) in the range of inlet BTX concentrations from 180.7 to 881.8 ppmv in different air pollutions flow rates was tried for two rates: 2.5 & 3.5 L/min  at 30 days Mean Residence Time Distribution (MRTD) for each treatment. The results showed that at inlet pollutant concentrations of [B] = 180.7 ppmv, [T] = 327.4 ppmv & [X] = 297.5 ppmv, the removal efficiency in flow rate 2.5 lit/min was 90.7, 88, and 83.6(%) for benzene, toluene, and xylene, respectively. The amount of removal in flow rate 2.5 lit/min was better than the removal efficiency of 3.5 lit/min due to lower pollution concentration.