Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most frequent and malignant primary tumor of brain. Today, the intracellular pathways and the mediators of these pathways are one of the treatment methods regarding to malignancies. Cyclo-oxygenase, C-KIT, and Ki67 are the immunohistochemestry agents to staging and treatment of tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the aforementioned mediators and GBM in the sample of Iranian patients.Methods: In a cross sectional study with control group, the GBM and other brain tumors pathology slides were extracted from the pathology laboratory files in Shahid Bahonar medical center in Kerman University of Medical sciences. The immunohistochemestry patterns of all slides were reviewed by two pathologists, separately; considering the COX-2, Ki67 and C-KIT markers. The frequencies of the markers were compared between GBM and non-GBM patients by t-test and non parametric Mann-Whitney tests. Spearman correlation coefficient was used between age and degree of markers.Findings: The GBM patients were 81 and 45 patents were in the control group among which medoloblastoma and oligodendroglioma were the most prevalent tumors. There was complete agreement between two pathologists. Relationship between COX-2, Ki67 and C-KIT in two groups of study were not observed. Conclusion: The result of current study was difference from the other studies. These differences might due to genetic variation in Iranian patients from other ethnic groups. Further studies like cellular and experimental studies should apply to investigate the frequency of markers in brain tumors.

Objective(s): The present day challenge is how to obtain germ cells from stem cells to treat patients with cancer and infertility. Much more efforts have been made to develop a procedure for attaining germ cells in vitro. Recently, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) have been introduced with higher efficacy for differentiation. In this work, we tried to explore the efficacy of HUMSCs and some effective products of placental cells such as transforming growth factors. This study is aimed to optimize a co-culture condition for HUMSCs with placental cells to obtain primordial germ cells (PGCs) and reach into oocyte-like cells in vitro.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, HUMSCs and placental cells were co-cultured for 14 days without any external inducer in vitro. Then HUMSCs were assessed for expression of PGC markers; Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), Tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (CKIT), Stage specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4), DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4 (DDX4) and oocyte specific markers; Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9), Zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3). The pertinent markers were assessed by immunocytochemistry and Q-PCR.Results: Co-cultured HUMSCs with placental cells (including amniotic and chorionic cells) presented Oct4 and DDX4, primordial germ cells specific markers significantly, but increment in expression of oocyte-like cell specific markers, GDF9 and ZP3 did not reach to statistically significant threshold.Conclusion: Placental cell supplements Transforming growth factor (TGF a, b) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a co-culture model can provide proper environment for induction of HUMSCs into PGCs and expression of oocyte-like markers.