According to historical and cultural evidence, the CAUCASUS has historical commonalities and long-standing cultural ties with Iran and its people. One of these common areas that have created many bilateral effects on the cultural and historical relations between Iranians and the CAUCASUS nation, is literary issues and the field of poetic origins and research related to language and literature. Critical studies of the works of writers such as Nezami Ganjavi, Khaghani Shervani, Mujir Belqani, Vale Daghestani, etc. show that the poetic language of these speakers cannot begin with these poets and reach the peak of maturity in their speech. Undoubtedly, there has been a tradition and a history, and hundreds of thousands of artists and virtuous people have been involved in artistic creation before, so that great people such as Khaghani, Nezami, and Mujir could emerge from among them. In this regard, one of the most important branches of the Persian language and literature in the CAUCASUS is the writing of Persian grammar books and dictionaries. An in-depth look at the historical course of the authorship of these books shows that the pioneers of compiling books on dictionaries and Persian grammar were the Caucasians. The region of the CAUCASUS plays a very important role in the history of compiling grammar books. This region was either the motherland of the authors or the host of the non-native authors who settled in that area..

According to historical and cultural evidence, the CAUCASUS has historical commonalities and long-standing cultural ties with Iran and its people. One of these common areas that have created many bilateral effects on the cultural and historical relations between Iranians and the CAUCASUS nation, is literary issues and the field of poetic origins and research related to language and literature. Critical studies of the works of writers such as Nezami Ganjavi, Khaghani Shervani, Mujir Belqani, Vale Daghestani, etc. show that the poetic language of these speakers cannot begin with these poets and reach the peak of maturity in their speech. Undoubtedly, there has been a tradition and a history, and hundreds of thousands of artists and virtuous people have been involved in artistic creation before, so that great people such as Khaghani, Nezami, and Mujir could emerge from among them. In this regard, one of the most important branches of the Persian language and literature in the CAUCASUS is the writing of Persian grammar books and dictionaries. An in-depth look at the historical course of the authorship of these books shows that the pioneers of compiling books on dictionaries and Persian grammar were the Caucasians. The region of the CAUCASUS plays a very important role in the history of compiling grammar books. This region was either the motherland of the authors or the host of the non-native authors who settled in that area. .

The CAUCASUS in the last years of 20th century similar to those of 19th century, was the focal point of developments having deep consequences at the regional and international levels. Various ethnic crises emerged in the region during these years resulted from its vast ethnic diversity on the one hand, and rivalry between regional and extra-regional powers on the other hand. Meanwhile, Russia' s hegemonic diplomacy in the region and the increasing importance of Caucasian energy in the global economy have aggravated security challenges in this region.

The South CAUCASUS is a very important region that has a significant place in the geopolitical landscape of the 21st century. The wars in Ukraine and Karabagh provided a unique opportunity for Türkiye to review its new strategic perspective. Following the implementation of the trust-building project with Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia, Turkey has adopted a multifaceted strategy to establish stability and balance. The current research, by applying the constructivist theory, seeks to answer the question, what are the economic, political and military goals of Turkey in the countries of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia? The findings of the research show that Turkey has a multifaceted strategy to achieve economic goals (access to the consumer market, investment and mastery of energy lines and ensuring energy security), political and strategic (expanding the sphere of strategic influence and geopolitical in the region and the international environment) and military and security (changing the military and security balance of the region by providing assistance to strategic allies). The result is that following the change of geopolitical realities in the CAUCASUS, Turkey is trying to increase its geopolitical weight in the world by applying a multifaceted strategy while reducing the role of its competitors, Russia and Iran in the region and by finding a way to improve relations with Armenia. Change and promote international multipolar order.

Islamic Republic of Iran enjoys close and amicable relations with small and Christian Republic of Armenia. On the contrary, the ties between Iran and seemingly significant Shia Republic of Azerbaijan are frayed. While Tehran’s close relationship with Yerevan is widely attributed to geographical and economic isolation of Armenia, Iran-Azerbaijan unfriendly relations have stemmed from suspicion and lack of trust. From a historical perspective, Iran Russia special relations are based on rivalry between Russia and Western powers, rather than real and common interests between these two neighbors. Russia that still has a significant influence on the south CAUCASUS region tries to limit Iran’s economic influence in Armenia and Georgia. Moreover, Armenia’s efforts to enhance its foreign relations with the West and Russia signal that Tehran may not rely on its long-term close ties with Yerevan.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union led to a new condition, which with intervene of foreign players, became a very complicated situation. This trend created a “New Great Game” around Caspian Sea Basin that reminds imperialistic rivalries of Britain and Russia in late decades of 19th century. Increasing demands of industrial countries has caused the rapid attention to this region. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan have arranged huge efforts in this respect, in order to gain more revenue from oil in world. The author has tried to explain the geopolitical dimensions of energy transition around Caspian Sea, with respect to the Goals and rivalries of regional and international players in this region.

The CAUCASUS has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Un-ion. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the framework of significant geopolitical changes unfolded by the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author argues that in the post-Soviet era, the Russians lost much of their control over the region due to their own domestic problems, but it seems that Moscow is not interested in withdrawing further from the region. The author concludes that under current conditions, it seems that as long as all regional and trans-regional powers fail to consider the interests of other powers or try to pose threats to them, the crises will continue to unfold in the CAUCASUS, while there is no agreed dispute settlement mechanism in the region as well.

Transitioning from conflicts has a direct relationship with gender equality in the peacebuilding.This means that just as war affect the lives of all human beings Justice requires that all people participate in the process of establishing peace.The use of women in terrorist organizations shows the need to pay attention to this part of the peace building process. Researchers believe that in many cases,The failure in the peace-making process is due to the lack of presence of women in this process. Therefore, today peace and transition from conflicts is tied to gender equality. The main question of this research is, how has the effect of gender and women been on the transition from conflicts in the South CAUCASUS region in the years after independence? The evidence shows that the women have been able to participate in the processes of peace-building by strengthening the perception of their outstanding role in this path along with the change in the views of the post-independence political institutions regarding their ability. However, a mixture of strong dominance of patriarchal institutions on the society, lack of self-confidence in women and little effect of informal organizations on the peacebuilding and peacekeeping processes in this region have caused women to still not achieve their true position in the process of creating a post-conflict society.Examining the role of women in the transition from the post-independence conflicts in the South CAUCASUS in the context of the theoretical literature of gender, war and peace with Analytical-Descriptive and Historical methods confirms this hypothesis.

The CAUCASUS has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia- Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the framework of significant geopolitical changes unfolded by the collapse of the Soviet Union. The main thrust of the paper is that in the post-Soviet era, the Russians lost much of their control over the region due to their own domestic problems, but it seems that Moscow is not interested in withdrawing further from the region. The findings of the paper indicate that under current conditions, it seems that as long as all regional and extra-regional powers fail to consider the interests of other powers or try to pose threats to them, the crises will continue to unfold in the CAUCASUS, while there is no agreed dispute settlement mechanism in the region either.