Objective (s): CEFIXIME (Cfx), is a semi-synthetic third-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic that is prescribed for the treatment of susceptible infections. There are some procedures for the determination of Cfx in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. Herein a spectrofluorimetric method was proposed for Cfx determination based on the fluorescence quenching of terbium-danofloxacin (Tb3+-Dano) in the presence of Cfx.Materials and Methods: Cfx was detected based on fluorescence quenching of terbium-danofloxacin (Tb3+-Dano) in the presence of Cfx with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 347 nm and 545 nm, respectively. The quenched fluorescence intensity of Tb3+- Dano system is proportional to the concentration of Cfx. The optimum conditions for the determination of Cfx were studied.Results: The maximum response was achieved under optimum conditions of [Tris buffer]= 0.008 mol/l (pH 6.5), [Tb3+]=1×10-4 mol/l and [Dano]=1×10-4 mol/l. The developed method was evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision and limit of detection. The linear concentration ranges for quantification of Cfx were 8.8×10-8-8.8×10-7 mol/l and 1.1×10-7-8.8×10-7 mol/l in standard and human serum samples with the detection limits (S/N=3) of 2.8×10-8 mol/l and 3.9×10-8 mol/l, respectively. The Cfx was determined in pharmaceutical tablets and spiked serum samples and the results were satisfactory.Conclusion: This method is simple, practical and relatively interference-free for determination of Cfx in pharmaceutical tablets and serum samples.

In this study, alginate, magnetite, and hydroxyapatite were used to fabricate alginate-hydroxyapatite (Alg-Hap), alginate-Fe3 O4 (Alg-Fe3 O4 ), and alginate-magnetic hydroxyapatite (Alg-mHap) using ferric chloride (III) crosslinker to remove CEFIXIME from an aqueous solution. FTIR, SEM, VSM, BET, and XRD tests were used to determine the functional groups, morphology, magnetization behavior, surface area, and crystallinity of catalysts, respectively. The optimal pH for the Fenton reaction was determined to be 3. 3 for Alg-Hap and Alg-Fe3 O4 catalysts and 4 for Alg-mHap catalysts. Increases in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1 to 3 mM) and the amount of catalyst (50 to 90 gr/L) increased the percentage of degradation to approximately 8% and 6%, respectively. The degradation efficiency of CEFIXIME by using Alg-mHap as the best catalyst in the Fenton process was achieved 91%, at optimum condition (pH of 4, catalyst amount of 90 gr/L, initial CEFIXIME concentration of 5 mg/L, H2 O2 concentration of 3 mM within 90 min). Moreover, the second-order kinetic equation fits the experimental data for CEFIXIME degradation for all three catalysts. Furthermore, not only did the catalysts display a negligible iron leaching (0. 92 mg/L for Alg-mHap) but also after three consecutive cycles, the catalysts indicated long-term stability. Comparison between synthesized catalysts and other methods proved its effectiveness.

Purpose: To investigate the penetration of CEFIXIME and ciprofloxacin to the rabbit eye on the basis of microbial inhibition of aqueous and vitreous humour after oral administration.Methods: In this experimental study, 36 rabbits (72 eyes) were randomly divided into two groups; group A consisted of 20 rabbits and group B 16 rabbits. Each group was divided into four equal subgroups. The rabbits in each subgroup of group A received 4, 8, 12, and 20 mg/kg of syrup of CEFIXIME every 12 hr respectively and the rabbits in each subgroup of group B received 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg tablet of ciprofloxacin respectively every 12 hr. Immediately after the first dose of the drugs, the anterior chamber of one eye was irrigated randomly by 30-40 cc of ringer lactate solution alongside with mild traumatization of iris. Then by 4, 8, 12, 24 and 72 hr intervals after the 3rd dose, 0.1 cc of aqueous, 0.2-0.5 cc of vitreous, 3 cc of blood and one standard disk of the used antibiotic was placed on culture media of a known bacteria which was completely sensitive to the respective antibiotic. Forty eight hours later, the microbial inhibition zone of each sample and the standard disk of antibiotic were compared.Results: No microbial inhibition was seen by sample of aqueous and vitreous, although very large zone of inhibition was seen by blood sample and standard disk of antibiotic.Conclusion: It seems that oral CEFIXIME and ciprofloxacin do not produce an effective dose for microbial inhibition in rabbit eye.

In the present study, the adsorption mechanism was systematically examined for the removal of CEFIXIME and amoxicillin, two antibiotic compounds, utilizing MWCNTs and clinoptilolite as organic and inorganic adsorbents, respectively. Optimal conditions for maximal CEFIXIME adsorption were identified at a pH of 8.7, utilizing an MWCNTs and clinoptilolite concentration of 3.65 and 2.5 mg/L respectively. The peak adsorption percentage for amoxicillin was observed at a pH of 7.5 with an MWCNTs concentration of 3.5 mg/L. Based on the findings, it was determined that MWCNTs effectively adsorbed both CEFIXIME and amoxicillin; conversely, clinoptilolite demonstrated an inability to adsorb amoxicillin while exhibiting significant CEFIXIME adsorption capabilities. In this investigation, MWCNTs and clinoptilolite were employed to facilitate the absorption of the two antibiotics, CEFIXIME and amoxicillin, from aqueous solutions under both batch and continuous operational conditions. The merits of this methodology include the utilization of cost-effective adsorbents, elevated efficiency, and a straightforward procedural approach.