Background: Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion is a kind of mutation with instability in the number of microsatellite repeats. This nature of mutation leads to the different kinds of neurological and neuromuscular disorders,among them, fragile‑, X syndrome is the main cause of intellectual disability in which the increasing number of CGG TNR in 5’,untranslated region is the main reason for epigenetic silencing of Fragile X mental retardation 1 gene. The aim of this study is to decrease the CG content of the candidate region to facilitate amplification by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bisulfite treatment of the genomic DNA results in conversion of unmethylated cytosine to uridine and may overcome the diagnostic pitfalls. Materials and Methods: The whole blood DNA was extracted and bisulfite treated. Then any simplification in PCR process of desire sequence were assayed through following conventional PCR using specifically designed primers for converted sequence. Bisulfite‑, treated PCR product of a nearby sequence confirmed our results as a conversion control. Results: Both the control and the candidate sequences undergoing bisulfite treatment were successfully amplified by PCR. Conclusions: Decreasing the GC content of the sequence by bisulfite treating could be a new approach to overcome difficulties in amplifying GC‑, rich sequences.

Signed languages employ finely articulated facial displays to express grammatical meanings (Pfau and Quer 2010; Reilly 2006, Wilbur 2000, Dachkovsky and Sandler 2009). Lackner (2019), for example, identifies three major. . .

This paper presents a new hybrid conjugate gradient method for solving  nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems; it is based on a combination of $RMIL$  (Rivaie-Mustafa-Ismail-Leong)  and $hSM$  (hybrid Sulaiman- Mohammed) methods. The proposed algorithm enjoys the sufficient descent condition without depending on any line search; moreover, it is globally convergent under the usual and strong Wolfe line search assumptions.  The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through numerical experiments on a set of 100 test functions from [1] and four image restoration problems with two noise levels. The numerical comparisons with four existing methods show that the proposed method is promising and effective.

A selective solid-phase extraction method has been developed for the preconcentration and separation of trace amounts of Co(II). The method was based on the adsorption of Co(II) ions on the Amberlite CG-120 resin. The adsorbed Co(II) ions on the resin were eluted by 4 mol/L HCI and then they were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Various experimental conditions, such as pH, type and concentration of eluent, the flow rate of sample and eluent solution, amount of resin, and sample volume were investigated to obtain better sensitivity and effective separation of trace levels of the Co(II) ions. Moreover, the interference effects of some ions on the recovery of Co(II) were also investigated. The developed method was applied for the determination of Co(II) ions in drinking and wastewater samples. The enhancement factor (EF) and limit of detection (LOD) values were found to be 25-fold and 9. 32 μ g/L, respectively. The accuracy of the method was tested by the certified reference material of TMDA-70. 2 Lake Ontario Water and there was a good agreement between found and certified values at a 95% confidence level.

Payload placement on quad-rotor (QR) is a subject of considerable importance during its flight and maneuvering phases. In this sense, any changes in the payload position, especially along the vertical axis, could significantly affect the QR center of gravity (CG) position and, in turn, its performance, dramatically. The current experimental study investigates the effect of payload vertical positioning on the performance and stability characteristics of a typical QR. The QR is test flown for more than eighty times with different payload positions, whose recorded flight data (RFD) are filtered using extended Kalman filter and subsequently utilized for QR frequency domain analysis. The RFDs are used to identify the QR longitudinal and lateral modes. In addition, the mode changes trend against the center of gravity location has led to the determination of the CG position at which instability occurs. The experimental results show that as the QR CG moves up along its vertical axis, its dynamics modes move towards the origin on the real axis taking the QR closer to borderline dynamic instability. Moreover, the damping behavior of the longitudinal and lateral modes with respect to CG has been extracted that in turn can lead to CG based techniques for QR damping control. In addition, in order to generalize the present results to be useful for other QRs, the QR parameters have been nondimensionalized, and an effective nondimensional parameter through which results can be extended to other QRs is determined. The newly introduced nondimensional parameter is used against another set of data, extracted from a different QR for verification and comparative purposes. Finally, to account for uncertainties and stochastic noise in the RFD measures, each experimental stage is repeated four times; and the results of the mean behavior are reported, too.

Uptake of uranium (VI) ions using an anion exchanger resin, namely Amberlite CG-400, was studied through this work in the presence of sulfate anions. Impact of various parameters including pH, contact time, initial concentration of uranium ions and intrusion with different anion contents (phosphate, chloride, sulfate, nitrate and fluoride) was examined on the sorption performance of the resin. Result showed that sorption of uranium ions on the resin occurs considerably at pH=4 and higher. Kinetics of the sorption process was very fast and uranium sorption percentage was reached to the its maximum at very short time. An estimations of sorption process was also performed using isotherm and kinetics equations, which led to conformity of Freundlich and pseudo second-order models with experimental data, respectively. The maximum sorption capacity (qmax) was found to be 63. 29 mg g-1. Presence of various anions species in solution show that uranium sorption using Amberlite CG-400 anion exchange resin could strongly be affected. Presense of sulfate ions in the solution leads to an increase in the sorption of uranium content by resin. Phosphate ions have not interfered with uranium ions sorption, however flouride, nitrate and chloride exsictence in the medium cause a decline in the resin soprtion’ s strength.

Migraine is defined as a recurrent headache that is usually unilateral and associated with a complex neurovascular disorder and concurrent stimulation of pain pathways of trigeminal sensory nerves. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selected aerobic exercise on some physiological factors in patients with migraine. 22 women with migraine (their age range 22 -53 years) were non-randomly divided into experimental (n= 13) and control (n=9) groups. In addition to medical treatment, the experimental group participated in a selected exercise including 35-60 min. on a treadmill and ergometer bicycle with 50-75% HRmax. 3 sessions per week for 12 week. The control group received medical treatment but they were inactive and only participated in pretest and posttest. Data analysis showed that the protocol significantly reduced headache severity, CGRP and fat percentage, and significantly increased cardiovascular endurance or the experimental group (P<0.05). Headache severity decreased from 34.23 [0 14.30, CGRP decreased from 53.50 to 48.45% in posttest, fat percentage decreased from %31.45 to %25.25 and cardiovascular endurance increased from 24.81 to 41.81 ml/kg/bw. It was concluded that in line with other medical treatments, aerobic exercise may be used as a supplementary medical treatment in patients with migraine.