Background: Acute COMPARTMENT syndrome (ACS) is a devastating condition, further aggravated by delayed diagnosis. Since ACS is a clinical diagnosis, identification of risk factors for individual patients may help with earlier detection. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with the development of ACS of the extremities. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies with adult patients at risk for and with traumatic ACS of the extremity. Non-traumatic, chronic exertional, vascular and abdominal COMPARTMENT syndrome were excluded. Technical reports, biomechanical studies, abstracts, studies of non-human subjects, non-English studies, and studies with less than five subjects were excluded. Meta-analysis was performed on a subset of studies including a control group. We addressed cases of substantial heterogeneity among the studies with subgroup analysis, and whenever heterogeneity remained significant, we employed random effect meta-analysis for the data pooling. The study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (ID = CRD42019126603). Results: There were 19 studies with 48, 887 patients investigating risk factors of traumatic ACS. Of these, there were 1, 716 patients with the diagnosis of traumatic ACS. Fourteen studies (46, 300 controls and 1, 358 ACS patients) qualified for meta-analysis. Male to female ratio was 5. 5 with an average age of 36 years. Factors that were significantly associated with the development of ACS were: age 18-64 (OR: 1. 34, 95% CI: 1. 07-1. 68), male (OR: 2. 18, 95% CI: 1. 53-3. 10), gunshot wound with fracture and vascular injury (OR: 12. 5, 95% CI: 5. 69-27. 46), combined forefoot and midfoot injury (OR: 3. 3, 95% CI: 2. 39-4. 57), injury severity score (ISS) 0-9 (OR: 1. 58, 95% CI: 1. 27-1. 97), OTA/AO type C fractures (OR: 2. 75, 95% CI: 1. 04-7. 28), vascular injury (OR: 9. 05, 95% CI: 6. 69-12. 26), and high-energy trauma (OR: 3. 10, 95% CI: 1. 60-5. 82). Factors such as tibia fracture and crush injury were reported but were not included in quantitative analysis, due to lack of control groups and/or only one study qualifying for meta-analysis. Conclusion: This study reports on the current significant risk factors for developing traumatic ACS. The most common risk factors included age, sex, gunshot wound with a vascular injury, OTA/AO fracture type C and high-energy trauma.

Introduction & Objective: COMPARTMENT syndrome has been defined as "a condition in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that space". Intense pain, swelling, and elevated COMPARTMENT pressures characterize the early presentation in the affected muscle group. If untreated myonecrosis, myoglobinuria, and renal failure may result. To avoid a delay in diagnosis requires vigilance intraCOMPARTMENTal pressure measurement. Diagnosis of limb COMPARTMENT syndrome is based on clinical vigilance and repeated examination. Many techniques exist for tissue pressure measurement but they are indicated only in doubtful cases, the unconscious or obtunded patient and children. However, monitoring of pressure has no harmful effect and may allow early fasciotomy. In acute situations, fasciotomy can be done prophylactically or as early therapeutic decompression, the latter being performed as soon as the first symptoms of COMPARTMENT syndrome are present.This review encompasses limb COMPARTMENT syndrome, including diagnosis and treatment.Material & Methods: In this preview article it was tried to answer these questions by literature review since 2000 till now.Results: Faciotomy doesn’t increase renal complication and we perform fasciotomy in proper time to preserve limb function.Conclusions: It is recommended to perform fasciotomy for COMPARTMENT syndrome according to clinical sign and symptom COMPARTMENT pressure monitoring timely and properly.

Introduction: Rhabdomyolysis (RM) may cause some complications such as COMPARTMENT syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which can affect its prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of the mentioned complications following RM. Methods: Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched using keywords related to COMPARTMENT syndrome, DIC, and rhabdomyolysis with appropriate combination. Cohort and cross-sectional studies that conducted research on the prevalence of COMPARTMENT syndrome and DIC in patients with RMwere included in the present study. The desired datawere extracted fromthe included studies and meta-analysis was conducted on them to calculate pooled prevalence of these complications. Results: Twenty articles were included in our systematic review. The rate of COMPARTMENT syndrome reported in these studies ranged from 0 to 30. 7%. Our meta-analysis revealed the pooled prevalence of 4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2. 20 to 7. 40) for COMPARTMENT syndrome in these studies. The pooled prevalence of this complication was 7. 1% (95% CI: 2. 90 to 16. 00) among patients with severe RM and 4. 4% (95% CI: 1. 80 to 10. 00) in traumatic RM. The rate of DIC reported in the included studies ranged from 0 to 40. 47%. Our meta-analysis showed the pooled prevalence of 8. 3% (95% CI: 03. 90 to 16. 50) for this complication among RMpatients. Conclusion: We reported the rates of COMPARTMENT syndrome and DIC in RMpatients based on rhabdomyolysis etiologies through an epidemiologic systematic review and meta-analysis. The rate of COMPARTMENT syndrome was slightly higher in patients with severe RMand its rate in patients with traumatic RM was close to the overall rate of COMPARTMENT syndrome.

Background: Tibial plateau fractures consist 1% of all fractures and are one of the most challenging intraarticular fractures to fix as an orthopedic surgeon (1, 2). Several classification systems have been developed to categorize the tibia plateau fractures and until recently, Schatzker, Hohl and Moore, and AO classifications have been the most popular systems among the 38 classification systems introduced so far (3-9). . .