One who undertakes is obligated to discharging his commitment and must discharge his debt with regard to obligee.We certainly can say that nowadays, COMPENSATION is the most common reason for lack of commitment. For this reason, various religious and civil schools have studied it, besides fulfillment of one's promises, sacrifice and succession commitment.This category, furthermore, put under comparative survey sense of adjustment and various kinds of it.It intends in this way to show searching jurisprudence and whatever distinguished Imamiyyah jurists have left in their written works.

The amendment six of divorce law reform, approved 1998, has been legislated for support of women and guarantees financial COMPENSATION of their efforts in common life. Although in practice, the law ambiguity and intricacy disappoint spouses from restitution their rights. Moreover, lack of clear criteria to define the amount and the way of receiving financial COMPENSATION of divorce lead judges to decide about it different from each other. In this research, we investigated Quranic verses, Islamic traditions about divorce COMPENSATION, religious goals, and strategic principles in Islamic legislation system that conduces to special finance support of women particularly divorcees.After reviewing the arguments, and clarifying the reason of issuing such order, we may conclude that when removal of charge was due to divorce COMPENSATION, only if the wife asked for divorce, judge can deny her merit to COMPENSATION. But with attention to the philosophy of temporary married wife (Mut’a), it is better to pay divorce COMPENSATION to all divorced women. If divorce happens before marriage consumption and fixing marriage portion, the criteria to determine divorce COMPENSATION, would be the status of wife, but after marriage consumption and fixing marriage portion, the husband financial status is the criteria.

Introduction COMPENSATION of patients in case of injury in the treatment process is one of the most critical issues in medical law. Besides compensating some problems, some systems have helped to improve the performance of medical staff, prevent from providing inadequate health care and harm to patients, and ensure the safety of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient COMPENSATION systems, which was done by the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information in the form of a library. Conclusion The tort liability system, enterprise liability system, and the no-fault liability system are the most common physician legal liability systems globally. The tort liability system that is currently prevalent in Iran and many other countries has not successfully achieved the goals of COMPENSATION and deterrence for reasons such as lengthy litigation, difficulty in proving medical fault, and incomplete COMPENSATION for the patient. If the doctor is not at fault in the treatment process, but the patient suffers the damage caused by medical procedures, according to the rule of "la-zarar" in Islamic jurisprudence, the Nofault system can be implemented, and the patient can be guaranteed and compensated. In this regard, medical law, such as labor and family law, can enact laws to protect the patients; because one of the examples of supporting a patient is compensating for the damage done to him if the doctor is not at fault.

According to positive accounting research, accounting conservatism as an efficient contracting mechanism can restrict the opportunistic behavior of management in overstating executive COMPENSATION. Hence, This study investigates the relationship between accounting conservatism and executive COMPENSATION in the 120 listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during a 9-year period from 2004-2012. The research method is correlation and we use multiple regression to test hypotheses. The results of this study show that there is a negative and significant relation between accounting conservatism and executive COMPENSATION in sample study. Research evidence also show that firm size and profitability have a positive effect on executive COMPENSATION. Moreover, findings indicate that debt ratio and management change have no any relation with executive COMPENSATION.

Investors tend to know how successful the managers are in applying their wealth. One of the most important objectives of the companies is value creation and wealth increase for shareholders and the performance appraisal systems are useful tools for evaluating their success in obtaining the objectives. Some researches indicate that shareholders wealth is influenced by the management incentives (e.g., executive COMPENSATION & managerial stock). This study examines the relation between Top executives COMPENSATION and shareholder value added. To do this, data from 81 firms listed in TSE from 2006 to 2011) has been studied. The results show that there is no significant relation between top executives COMPENSATION and shareholder value added (changes in market capitalization, dividend and cumulative abnormal stock return). Thus it can be concluded that top executive COMPENSATION of Iranian firms during their tenure is not an effective factor.

In conditions of gas pipelines operation, significant longitudinal deformations may occur at the sections adjacent to the receiving/ launching chambers of pig and diagnostic equipment. These deformations, caused by stress and temperature fluctuations, lead to undesirable deformations and damage of piping elements. To reduce the magnitude of longitudinal deformations the device of expansion joints is proposed. Geometric parameters of the expansion joint are determined based on the results of strength and stability calculations of the gas pipelines. The use of the software package START allowed to simulate the behavior of the pipeline before and after installation of the expansion joint and to analyze changes in longitudinal deformations.  An important part of the work is the methodology of calculation justification of the necessity to install such units to reduce longitudinal deformations. Optimization of the expansion joint design and calculation of its parameters contributes to the reliability of gas pipeline systems.

The purpose of this paper is: (a) to briefly examine the issues related to the element of COMPENSATION in the crime of forgery and to discuss different views expressed about it; and (b) to clarify ambiguities regarding the element of COMPENSATION in the crime of forgery that either have not been addressed in the writings of jurists or addressed differently with conflicting results. Therefore, the paper, firstly, describes and examines the element of COMPENSATION in the crime of forgery by relying on the opinions of the Iranian Supreme Court and the views of the criminal lawyers, and analyses the views on the basis of the Islamic Punishment Law. Secondly, it explains the conditions and factors necessary for the formation of the element of COMPENSATION in the crime of forgery. In contrary to some views that some of these factors are essential in forming the element of COMPENSATION in the crime of forgery, the present paper indicates that they are not essential and that they are just necessary conditions for forming such an element. In addition, the paper analyses the related theories and tries to find proper answers to the possible questions.Finally, the paper, by relying on various views and opinions expressed by lawyers, discusses the issue of COMPENSATION with regard to any illegal change in invalid documents.