In this article we survey money neutrality in long-run according to king - Watson’s method (1997). For this purpose SVAR model with Money stock, Liquidity and GDP data during 1972-2010 have been used. The results show that the money neutrality and money definition doesn’t have relationship. Changes in the stock of money and liquidity does not affect the production and because the rate of money growth and Liquidity growth rate are zero-order integrated, discussion  about long-term relationship would not be reasonable. So in order to increase the production in the economy, we must turn to supply side policies that increases labor productivity and efficiency and increases the production. Results also indicate that at 1% level of confidence, neutrality of long-run money could not be rejected. Under the constraints of short-run money neutrality, similarly the result doesn’t lead us to reject neutrality of long-run money. According to Lucas monetary misinterpretations theory (1972) it should be noted that production response to changes in money stock could be negative. This means that negative monetary shocks could cause that the Lucas long-run aggregate supply curve lose its verticality so negative monetary shocks have real effects in the short run.

Objectives: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant predisposition to colon cancer.This hereditary genetic disease is characterized by more than 100 adenomatous polyps in colon and rectum.Additional features may include desmoids tumors, polyps in the upper gastrointestinal tract, osteomas and Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE). A mutation in APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) is found in the majority of cases. Mutation detection and genetic analysis of APC in this syndrome is highly recommended as the penetrance is almost 100% by 40 years of age. The APC gene expanding on 5q21- q22 has 15exons and has an ORF with 8538 nucleotides which codes a protein with 2843 amino acids.Materials and Methods: 5 families among 150 families were selected according to accepted diagnosis criteria of FAP. CSGE (CONFORMATION Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis) technique for the first time was set up to screen mutations in all 15 exons of APC gene by this technique. Direct sequencing was used as gold standard to confirm CSGE results.Results: CSGE analysis showed electrophoresis migration anomalies and heteroduplex formation in exon 15 of APC in all patients. Further analysis by direct sequencing characterized these heteroduplexes as deleterious mutations. These mutations can be classified as non sense, frame shift and deletion.Conclusion: For the first time, CSGE technique was set up for mutation screening of coding and some parts of non coding regions of APC. In comparison with other screening methods, this technique has many advantages so it can be used in routine clinical laboratories. As mutation detection in APC is laborious, needs high tech technology and is expensive, finding sensitive and cost effective mutation screening technique would have direct positive effect on clinical management of families with familial susceptibility to colon cancer.

Background and Aim: b-thalassemia (b-thal) is one of the most prevalent hereditary diseases in Iran. There are more than two million carriers of b-thal in Iran. Detection of the beta globin gene mutations is necessary for a definitive diagnostic and management plan such as prenatal diagnosis of b-thalassemia. In our country, the PCR-Amplification Refractory Mutation System (PCR-ARMS) has been frequently used for detection of beta globin gene mutations.Material and Methods: Here, we used the PCR-single strand CONFORMATION polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay for detection of mutations of beta globin gene. In the patients with confirmed mutations, we amplified 281base pairs containing exon of one of a beta globin gene by PCR. Based on SSCP technique 2.5 ml of the reaction products appeared in polyacryamide gel electrophoresis and the bands were visualized by silver staining. Seven mutations and one polymorphism were evaluated by PCR-SSCP assay.Results: The results of this study demonstrated that the patterns of mobility of single strands were different from each other and those of control sample.Conclusion: Our study showed the PCR-SSCP technique can meet the need for direct genomic sequencing of DNA and could be applied in the developing countries where financial resources are limited but genetic hemoglobin disorders are highly prevalent. Key words: Thalassemia, SSCP, b-globin gene.

Background: Aspergillus species are associated with allergic bronchopulmonary disease, mycotic keratitis, otomycosis, nasal sinusitis and invasive infection. In this study, we developed a PCR-Single Strand CONFORMATIONal Polymorphism method to identify the most common Aspergillus species and we showed some advantages of this method comparing a PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism with our designed restriction enzyme.Methods: We selected ITS2, as a short fragment within the rDNA region (length size: 330 bp) to be amplified as small size PCR product. We mixed 5 ml of the PCR product with an equal volume of loading buffer and followed by incubation for 5 min at 95º C and quenching in an ice bath. The mixture was applied to a 6%-12% Gradient Poly acryl amide gel to run in a vertical electrophoresis, then gel was stained with ethidium bromide and silver nitrate which followed by an ethidium bromide staining.Results: Our results of restriction digestion showed a fine identification of 7 tested Aspergillus species during 5-6 hours after an overnight mycelial growth. As our results some of tested Aspergillus species: A. nidulans, A. fisheri, A. quadricincta, (A. fumigatus and A. niger) as a group and (A. flavus, A. tereus and A. ochraceus) as another group, can be discriminated. Moreover SSCP analysis enabled us to identify above Aspergillus species within 8-12 h after an over night growth without using an expensive restriction enzyme.Conclusion: It is concluded that Single Strand CONFORMATIONal Polymorphism is a simple and rapid method for identification of some medically important Aspergillus.