We characterize linear maps on von Neumann algebras which leave every unital subalgebra invariant. We use this characterization to determine linear maps which respect unitary CONJUGATION, answering a question of M. S.Moslehian.

Introduction: [ 99m Tc]Tc-MAG3 is one of the routine renal radiopharmaceuticals being used in nuclear medicine centers, throughout the world. This study investigated the synthesis and 99m Tc-labeling of MAG3, as well as the synthesis of the S-acetyl-MAG3-NHS complexing agent, which was used for labeling bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a protein model using technetium-99m. Methods: S-acetyl-MAG3 was prepared by the reaction of S-acetyl thioglycolic acid and triglycine. It was also activated to its N-hydroxysuccinimide counterpart which was used for preparation of biomolecule conjugates. All compounds and intermediates were characterized by 1H NMR and LC/Mass spectroscopy. Labeling of MAG3 with 99m-technetium was also well performed. The radiochemical purity and stability of labeled products was done by thin-layer chromatography. Also, biodistribution studies in mice was performed. Results: The spectroscopic results confirmed the structure of compounds. The stability of [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 and [99mTc]Tc-MAG3-BSA was determined over 24h. It was found to drop from 90% to 60% and 99% to 80%, respectively. There was no difference between serum and buffer results. Biodistribution studies for [ 99m Tc]Tc-MAG3 confirmed renal excretion with injected dose per gram (%ID/g) kidney of 41. 28 ±,4. 70, 45. 63 ±,6. 36 and 12. 22 ±,2. 83 after 1, 4 and 24h respectively. Conclusion: In this work, the rigorous purification processes were simplified through adjustment of molar ratios of reactants and the crude product obtained with higher yield was directly used for 99m Tc labeling. The prepared labeled biomolecules conjugates showed acceptable radiochemical purity and stability. MAG3 was applicable for renal imaging according to biodistribution results.

Background: Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is a cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus that binds to different IgG subclasses of human and several animal species. This bacterial protein can be used as an antibody detector in various immunological assays or as an isolation reagent for the purification of antibody molecules via immuno-chromatography procedures.Objectives: Molecular cloning and expression of SPA followed by the purification and CONJUGATION of the recombinant protein to peroxidase enzyme.Material and Methods: Encoding DNA fragment of SPA was amplified and inserted into a prokaryotic plasmid vector for the expression of recombinant SPA fused to a maltose binding protein (MBP). The recombinant protein was purified using amylose resin column chromatography and conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. Finally, the reactivity of the recombinant SPA was examined against human IgG molecules in ELISA.Results: The results indicated that the recombinant peroxidase-conjugated SPA has a good recognition capacity for human IgG molecules and it was able to produce significant OD values after reacting with human IgG molecules at a concentration up to 0.06mg.well-1.Conclusions: This recombinant protein can be very useful in all research laboratories and may decrease some of the expenses, e.g. those for preparing conjugated anti-antibodies.

Introduction: Gold nanoparticles are one of the most applicable metal nanoparticles which are widely being used in different fields such as nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology.Aim: The goal of this study is the production of gold nanoparticles with appropriate size by the use of Glutamic acid which is considered as a green method. For diagnostic application the synthesized gold nanoparticles would be than conjugated with morphine vaccine.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Gold nanoparticles were synthesized and coated by chemical reduction method with the use of Glutamic acid. Formation of gold nanoparticles and their size were recognized and measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering and Transmission electron microscopy. After production and recognition of colloidal gold nanoparticles they were changed into suspension by the use of PBS buffer. They were then conjugated with morphine vaccine and incubated at 4oC for 115 hours. Conjugated nanoparticles were characterization by SDS-PAGE and UV-Vis spectroscopy.Results: the highest absorption of these particles was at 525 nm and their size was about 20 nm formed bands pertaining to conjugated nanoparticles were displaced in compare with standard samples.Conclusion: Glutamic acid is capable of synthesizing gold nanoparticles and since amino acids are intoxic, the nanoparticles which are synthesized by the use of amino acids, would be applicable in medicine and biotechnology. Gold nanoparticles would have synthesized in this method can be used as adjuvant in morphine vaccine and other vaccines.

In this paper, we consider the four-dimensional electrodynamics with SIM(2) symmetry in a very special relativity framework. First, we examine the charge-CONJUGATION symmetry of the action at the tree (classical) level and show that the action in this framework is charge-CONJUGATION invariant. Then, to investigate perturbatively the preservation of charge-CONJUGATION symmetry at the loop (quantum) level, we shall focus on one-loop graphs with an odd number of photon external lines. To this end, we use the effective action approach to obtain the general form of the photon odd-point function and study the behavior of the one and three-point function of the photon under the charge-CONJUGATION transformation. Our analysis shows that the total amplitude of the one and three-point function vanishes and hence the charge-CONJUGATION symmetry is preserved at the quantum level. Next, we use a non-perturbative method to show that this symmetry exists at the quantum level (to all orders) and the total amplitude of all photon's odd-point functions vanishes.

CONJUGATION, the paradigm of every lexical item, occupies a significant place in Arab literature.Arabic has extendedto its present statusas a result of all the variousparadigmsprovided by the specialists of thefield. In thefirst half of the century (ITijriX Aim Othman Mazani published a book on CONJUGATION which initiated the fllovenlent ot" . writing on CONJUGATION until the 715 century (IIijri) when Ibn Hajib published his book of Al - Shafiyeh - Fi - Tasrif. a hook highly recognized by different scholars. In coming years many books with more or less the same content werepublished to further elaborate his views on CONJUGATION. Among all these books, that of Radzi - Al - Din Astarahadi "s has gained a lot of attention. The present article attempts to provide a brief history of CONJUGATION as well as reviewing Shatiyeh and its elaborations.