Crocus sativus L. is one of the most important plants in Khorasan provience and exported to the whole world. It is used in food for color and flavour and also in medicine. In this study effect of storage condition of Crocus sativus L. for determining CROCIN were under investigation in Khorasan Provience. Samples were collected on November 2003. We kept samples for 20 months in three different conditions as light, darkness and refrigerator on zero degree. On November 2005 samples were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) which CROCIN percentage content in light were 0.032%, dark 0.038% and refrigerator 0.028%. According to the results the best condition to kept stigmata is darkness.

Objective (s): CROCIN bleaching assay (CBA) is a new method for determination of antioxidant capacity. In CBA, addition of hydrogen to the conjugated double bonds of CROCIN results in reduction of CROCIN and increase in the absorbance at 440 nm, which is considered as a measure of antioxidant potential. Here CBA method was set up using di-gentiobiosyl CROCIN or a-CROCIN from Iranian saffron. Then, the antioxidant activity of some known antioxidants i.e. L-ascorbic acid, bilirubin, Trolox, uric acid, and some plasma samples of infants, were tested. The results were compared to that obtained by ferric reducing antioxidant power” (FRAP) as a standard method.Materials and Methods: Di-gentiobiosyl CROCIN was extracted and purified from Iranian saffron as previously described by us.Then, the CBA procedure using a-CROCIN was done in 2 different aquatic conditions, >50% or >90% of water. Results were analyzed by both the Bors method (calculating the relative rate constants=Krel) and the Tsimidou method (calculating the percent of a-CROCIN bleaching inhibition=% Inh).Results: Our results indicated the following order of antioxidant potential for the above mentioned agents: ascorbic acid>uric acid>Trolox. However, these results are very similar to the data reported by others, but they are strongly related to the aqueous condition. In addition, uric acid showed different properties at different concentrations; so that it showed the antioxidant activity at low concentrations but it acted as a prooxidant at higher concentrations. Bilirubin interfered with this test, possibly because its maximum absorbance is close to the CROCIN. The obtained data for the antioxidant capacity of the serums was comparable with FRAP assay, except for the sample that contains high bilirubin concentration.Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that CBA using the main fraction of CROCIN (a-CROCIN) is a simple and useful method for determination of antioxidant potential of aqueous samples. In addition, the CBA ability to distinguish the samples that contain bilirubin or high uric acid content is helpful in clinical laboratories.

Any obstruction to urinary flow leads to obstructive nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effects of CROCIN following unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were considered as control and sham operated rats, respectively. In group 3 left ureter was obstructed surgically and in group 4 following the left ureteral obstruction, CROCIN was gavaged at 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Finally, blood samples were collected for measurement of serum urea, acid uric and creatinine. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione contents for assessment of renal free radical activity; and enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase as indicators of antioxidation, were measured in kidney homogenates. Histopathology of left kidney was conducted for verification of biochemical findings. Significant differences among the groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Unilateral ureteral obstruction caused significant increase of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels and renal content of malondialdehyde; as well as significant reduction of renal antioxidants and reduced glutathione contents. CROCIN-treatment significantly reduced elevated markers of renal injury in serum and kidney malondialdehyde; a well as brought back the declined kidney antioxidants and reduced glutathione towards normal. Histopathology of kidney confirmed the changes induced by ureteral obstruction and the renoprotective effect of CROCIN. CROCIN exerts protective effects in unilateral ureteral obstruction possibly through its antioxidant properties.

Background: Traditional drug discovery approaches are mainly relied on the observed phenotypic changes following administration of a plant extract, drug candidate or natural product. Recently, target-based approaches are becoming more popular. The present study aimed to identify the cellular targets of CROCIN, the bioactive dietary carotenoid present in saffron, using an affinity-based method.Methods: Heart, kidney and brain tissues of BALB/c mice were homogenized and extracted for the experiments.Target deconvolution was carried out by first passing cell lysate through an affinity column prepared by covalently attaching CROCIN to agarose beads. Isolated proteins were separated on a 2D gel, trypsinized in situ and identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. MASCOT search engine was used to analyze Mass Data.Results: Part of proteome that physically interacts with CROCIN was found to consist of beta-actin-like protein 2, cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, ATP synthase subunit beta, tubulin beta-3 chain, tubulin beta-6 chain, 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha, V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunitA, 60 kDa heat shock protein, creatine kinase b-type, peroxiredoxin-2, cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, acetyl-coA acetyltransferase, cytochrome c1, proteasome subunit alpha type-6 and proteasome subunit alpha type-4.Conclusion: The present findings revealed that CROCIN physically binds to a wide range of cellular proteins such as structural proteins, membrane transporters, and enzymes involved in ATP and redox homeostasis and signal transduction.