One of the most important subjects in tourism development assessment is the satisfaction of tourists from the ecolodge resorts quality. Naturally, the increased satisfaction of tourists from the capacity and quality of recreation and residential facilities is directly proportional to tourism growth. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the tourists' satisfaction according to the quality of ecolodge resorts in the village of Tehran province in the form of six indicators of the quality of infrastructure and health services, quality of infrastructure and welfare and catering services, quality of security, quality of territorial resources, the quality of physical infrastructure and the quality of environmental health. To this end, a questionnaire measuring tourists' satisfaction with the quality of ecolodge resorts was prepared and standardized by statistical methods. The used method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and its type is applied, and the way of data collecting is done in both documentary and survey. The statistical population of the study is rural tourists in 6 rural accommodation centers. For determining the sample size, the Cochran formula was used for uncertain or unconfined society with a 95% confidence level, with the estimated number of samples estimated at 160. Data were analyzed using PASW software and CSM index. The research results indicate that the satisfaction of rural tourists in the quality of territorial resources quality has been higher than in other sectors. In other words, the closest performance to expect is the quality of territorial resources, and the quality of the physical infrastructure is after that. It is, however, the quality of security that has the lowest satisfaction.

A successful hybrid maize (Zea mays L. ) seed production program depends on conformity and synchrony of growth and developmental stages of the parental inbred lines with environmental conditions. Crop simulation models plays a key role in managing such synchrony by providing the simulation of the growth stages occurrence time. To evaluate the power of the DSSAT-CSM-CERESMaize model to simulate the growth and developmental stages of B73 maize inbred line, an experiment was performed as split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications in Karaj, Iran, in 2013. The experimental factors were including planting date and plant densities in five and four levels, respectively. Time to reach any of the developmental stages of B73 maize inbred line including emergence (VE), tassel initiation (TI), silk appearance as the crop flowering (R1), completion of fertilization or beginning of the seed filling (R2) and physiological maturity (R6) were recorded. Then, the genetic coefficients used in the model including P1, P2, P5 and PHINT were determined based on generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation using GLUE software. These genetic coefficients were 307, 0. 33, 970 and 70, respectively. The normalized root of error mean square (nRMSE) values for the recorded five growth stages were calculated as 7. 857, 14. 0, 7. 141, 3, 607 2. 687, respectively, which show the model can simulate the growth stages of B73 maize inbred line using the new specific genetic coefficients. Overall, the results of current research showed that the CERES-Maize model which already developed to simulate the growth and development of maize hybrid cultivars can be efficient and accurate to simulate the production of maize hybrid seed only if the specific genetic coefficient of each parental inbred line is used.

Field capacity (FC) is one of the important parameters of soil-water-crop-atmosphere models which the accurate measurement of this parameter is very expensive and time consuming. In this study the sensitivity of the CSM-CERES-Maize model to FC for simulating soil nitrate and ammonium concentration in different soil layers, and plant N uptake was evaluated. The study was performed using the experimental data obtained from the field study conducted on silage maize in 2003 and 2004 at south Tehran, Iran. The treatments were consisted of four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1 and 1.13 soil moisture depletion) with three fertilizer levels (0, 150, and 200 kg N ha-1). The results indicated that the change of simulated soil nitrate concentration was between 7.17 and 96.75 due to 25% changes in FC (either increase or decrease). This value for simulated soil ammonium concentration was between 33.31 and 139.01. The CERES model was sensitive to FC changes in simulation of soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations and its sensitivity was different in soil layers. This model was less sensitive to FC changes in simulating mineralization, nitrification, and plant N concentration. It can be then calculated that an exact determination of FC can reduce uncertainty in simulating soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations using the CERES model.

The CSM-CERES-Maize model was calibrated and evaluated by using the field and weather data set of a two-year field experiment previously carried out on silage corn at the Agricultural Research Center in Varamin. The data set included soil, crop, and weather data of a two-year corn experiment with four irrigation levels and three N fertilization levels. Twelve treatments were arranged in a strip-plot design in a randomized complete block with three replications during the 2003 and 2004 growing season. Data collected in the field included weight of biomass, leaf area index, and important physiological dates such as silking, anthesis, grain filling, and harvest maturity during the growing period. The maximum leaf area index and weight of biomass at physiological harvest, along with anthesis and maturity dates were used in the calibration process. The biomass weight during the growing season was used for the model evaluation. The results indicated that GENCALC tool is capable enough to be applied for determining genetic coefficients of maize with acceptable accuracy. The result of calibration of the model produced the following statistics, root mean square errors (RMSE) for anthesis and maturity dates were 1 and 2 days, 980 and 1313 kg ha-1 for weight of biomass and 0.75 and 0.44 for maximum LAI in the years of 2003 and 2004, respectively. Genetic coefficient required by the CSM-CERES Maize model including P1, P2, P5, G2, G3, and PHINT were found to be 236 (oC), 0.4 (days/hr), 790 (oC), 833, 8.5 (mg/day), and 55 (oC), respectively. The evaluation of the CSM-CERES-Maize showed that the model was able to simulate weight of biomass for the silage maize accurately with root mean square errors (RMSE) ranging from 9 to 1483 kg ha-1 and coefficient of determinations (r2) ranging from 0.86 to 0.99 for all of the 12 treatments for two years. It is concluded that the GENCALC tool was capable of successfully determining the cultivar parameters required by the CSM-CERES-Maize model and that the model itself was well calibrated for the data set used in this study.

Among different supportive policies of agricultural sector, crop insurance as a useful solution has always been emphasized. Agricultural insurance fund of Iran actually began its work in 1984. From 1996, some parts of its activities have been transferred to production cooperatives (PC) and continuing, some parts of its activities have also been transferred to private agricultural insurance (PAI) agents in 2002. To ensure effective and efficient services of these two agents (PC and PAI), it is necessary to evaluate their performance and to learn about their strengths and weaknesses. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of PC and PAI. Survey research method was used in this study. CSM and Servqual techniques were used to calculate PC and PAI performances. The results of both techniques indicated that PCs have a better performance in terms of social and economic aspects, while PAIs are better in management, general and "law and procedures" aspects. Also, calculating total performance revealed that PAIs have a better performance and farmers have been more satisfied with them.