Despite the millenniums-old tradition in Abrahamic circles of removing the foreskin of a penis at birth, the involuntary and aggressive practice of circumcision must not be made an exception to the natural, negative right to self-ownership-a birthright which should prevent a parent from physically harming a child from the moment of birth going forward. This paper will present a natural rights argument against the practice of male child circumcision, while also looking into some of the potential physical and psychological consequences of the practice. It will compare the practice with that of female circumcision, which is banned in developed nations but still practiced in the third world, as well as other forms of aggressive action, some once-prevalent, while disputing arguments made for parental ownership of the child, religious expression, cultural tradition, cleanliness, cosmetics, and conformity.

We read with much interest, the recent article by Ketabchi et al., published online in your journal (1); however, at the same time we would like to make the following comments, clarification to which would benefit the general readers of the journal. . . .

Purpose: To compare the clinical effects of three methods of circumcision: modified circumcision, traditional circumcision, and disposable suturing device circumcision. Materials and Methods: Male patients (n = 241) with redundant prepuce and/or phimosis were included in a clinical trial from January 2019 to March 2020. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the surgical method: group A, traditional circumcision (n = 79); group B, modified circumcision (n = 80); and group C, disposable suturing device circumcision (n = 82). Results: The operation times in groups A, B, and C were 25. 2 ± 3. 3 min, 10. 2 ± 2. 7 min, and 6. 7 ± 1. 4 min, respectively. The volumes of intraoperative blood loss in groups A, B, and C were 12. 7 ± 2. 3 mL, 8. 1 ± 3. 4 mL, and 2. 2 ± 0. 8 mL, respectively (P < 0. 05). Groups A and B were superior to group C in terms of the 6-h postoperative visual analog scale score and appearance satisfaction (P < 0. 05). There were no obvious differences in the 7-day postoperative pain score and total healing time (P > 0. 05). The operating expenses in groups A and B were lower than that in group C (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Modified circumcision, with its advantages of shorter operation time, less blood loss and pain, lower cost, and better postoperative penile appearance, is easily accepted by patients and deserves wide clinical application.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a modified disposable circumcision suture device (DCSD) with application of plastic sheet to avoid severe bleeding after circumcision and compare the surgical effects and other postoperative complications of two DCSDs. Materials and Methods: A total of 943 excess foreskin patients from January 2018 to January 2020 who underwent circumcision using two different DCSDs were recruited. Preoperative characteristics (patient age, height and weight), main surgical outcomes (surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, incision healing time) and postoperative complications (postoperative hemorrhage and hematoma rate, edema rate, incision infection rate, residual staples rate) were collected and analyzed. Patients' "satisfaction" or "dissatisfaction" was also investigated. Results: Preoperative characteristics showed no significant statistical difference. The modified DCSD group has a lower intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hemorrhage or hematoma rate and residual staples rate compared with the conventional group. Incision healing time and incision infection rate between the two groups were similar. Nevertheless, conventional group has a shorter surgical time, a lower edema rate and a higher satisfaction rate. Conclusion: The modified DCSD with application of plastic sheet can avoid severe bleeding after circumcision effectively and can be served as a new choice for circumcision.

Introduction: Meatal stenos is almost always develops following neonatal circumcision, and it usually does not become apparent until the child is toilet trained.The present study was conducted to determine the value of diagnostic ultrasonography in patients with meatal stenosis.Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 120 patients with meatal stenosis, referred to Naghavi Hospital, Kashan, Iran, from July 2000 to March 2002. Symptoms and findings on physical examination were recorded for every patient, ultrasonography of the urinary tract, and urinalysis and urine culture were also performed.Results: Mean age of the patients was 2.5 years (range, 3 months to 6 years). The common symptoms were dysuria (35%), decreased urine caliber (33.3%), and bloody spotting (15%), while 26.6% of the patients were asymptomatic. Paraclinical findings were microscopic hematuria (17.5%), bacteriuria (1.6%), and ureteral duplication (0.8%). No case of obstructive uropathy was detected by ultrasonography.Conclusion: Meatal stenosis rarely causes obstructive uropathy. Hence, urinary tract ultrasonography is rarely necessary, unless symptoms persist after meatotomy.