Background and Aim: In Community health nursing enough information from people needs and problems has a significant importance. The first measure in nursing process in the society is need assessment and knowing the society-Then the research has been done for knowing the Felt needs of Gonabad pop. lab limitations in 2002.Materials and Methods: At first some representatives form different groups of people in pop. lab. Area such as: school students, college students, clergymen, businessmen, adults, youths, women, health workers, teachers, NGOs and... 86 persons were selected. At first the reason and the aims of the research was introduce to them. The incited people were divided in 5 groups for focus group discussion (FGO) containing between 15to 20 people with two collegiate facilators. At least 3 sessions were selected for brain storming to say the Felt problems and needs, the said matters were written down by an editor in each group.Results: The said Felt needs and problems of the people were as the following:1- Life style problem such as: using less than fruits and vegetables.2- Educational and cultural affairs such as: low information about social health and safety and... 3- Health. health and treatment services such as: ask for illegal money (under table) by physicians and self treatment ...4- Economic and job problems such as: youths unsmiling, economic problems, poorness, banks high benefits...5- Social, recreation and welfare matters as: absence of happiness in the society, less care about physical activities...6- Traffics and driving affairs such as: old traffic conveniences, poor driving culture and increasing of accident...7- Social and personal immunity such as: old and poor buildings against earthquakes, neglecting of safety affaire, rubbery...8- Religion and morals such as: belief on superstitions, misuse of foods in Islamic ceremonies, immorality increase...9- City cleanliness and domestic services such as: keeping animal in the city at homes, suburb life...10- Family problems such as divorce increase, men leadership culture at homes, unwanted pregnancies...Conclusion: Participation is a means for population empowerment and from the other side it is the final aim of development plan.  

There are some definite Information, goods and money flows in world and third millennium commerce management depends on facilitation, control, and organization of these flows. Based on the philosophy of utilizing information systems and mechanization of maritime, port, customs and financial affairs; commercial ports all around the world have designed and implemented several systems. But because of continuity of goods, information and also finance flows, the necessity of port systems integration has been the main concern of ports and world top ports have taken some steps toward consolidation of port Community stakeholders via establishing comprehensive systems as well as developing interface standard systems. Due to the development of electronic commerce and benefits of electronic business systems, port Community organizations have to prepare information systems for their executive and managerial affairs. Also, because of the importance of facilitation of information and communication flows, system integration has been the only choice ahead; and therefore, Iranian ports should also move toward establishing Port Community System (PCS) which acts as a connector between different port Community systems in an integrated form. Since port Community system is an inter-organizational system in the field of electronic commerce and it is very necessary to consider message transfer international standards in such a system, Critical Success Factors (CSF) in implementation of such systems have been defined and prioritized in four aspects.1. Studying international frameworks and standards (in the field of electronic commerce and business) in implementation of PCS and Single Window2. Studying foreign ports which have implemented PCS and/ or Single Window (Best Practice)3. Studying the implementation of Enterprise Total Systems4. Interviewing with experts of stakeholders organizationsFinally, after the implementing and assessing the effects of independent variables (Critical Success Factors) on realization of them and finally prioritizing critical factors based on their degree of effectiveness and importance, the success and effectiveness of PSC (as dependant variable) has been discussed.

Background: Community assessment is one of the core competencies for public health professionals; mainly because it gives them a better understanding of the strengths and drawbacks of their jurisdictions. We planned to recognize an appropriate model that provides a conceptual framework for the Iranian Community.Methods: This study was conducted in Tehran, during 2009-2010 and consisted of two parts: a review of the literature and qualitative interview with selected experts as well as focus group discussion with health field staff. These steps were done to develop a conceptual framework: planning for a steering committee, forming a working committee, re-viewing Community assessment models and projects, preparing the proposed model draft, in-depth interview and focused group discussions with national experts, finalizing the draft, and preparing the final model.Results: Three different models published and applied routinely in different contexts. The 2008 North Carolina Community Assessment model was used as a reference. Ten national and 18 international projects were compared to the reference and one and six projects were completely compatible with this model, respectively.Conclusion: Our final proposed model takes communities through eight steps to complete a collaborative Community assessment: form a Community assessment team, solicit Community participation and gain inter sectoral collaboration, establish a working committee, empower the Community, collect and analyze Community’s primary and secondary statistics, solicit Community input to select health priorities, evaluate the Community assessment and develop the Community assessment document, an develop the Community action plans.

Dear Editor, Safety is one of the most challengeable issues in urban management. Safety promotion has been defined as a process for ensuring existence and maintenance of a condition, which is required for an acceptable level of safety (1). Structural and behavioral changes in the Community through inter-sectoral collaboration are necessary for safety promotion. The process may be used at various international, national, and local levels with a top-down or bottom-up approach (2)...