In this paper, the application of evaporative cooling for refrigeration cycle to reduce power consumption in hot climates is emphasized Experimental and analytical investigations were performed in order to specify the effect of evaporative cooling Condenser instead of the commonly used air cooling Condenser in window-air-conditioners. Evaporative Condenser can reject more heat, thereby preventing the reduction of cooling capacity and increasing power consumption of window-air-conditioners during very hot seasons. Two designs were developed for evaporative Condensers. In the direct injection design, water is injected on the Condenser coil directly while in the media pad design, water is injected on the media pad installed before the Condenser. Thermodynamic properties of the systems after modification were measured and compared with the ordinary situation. Analysis of the results show that using these methods, the coefficient of performance increases by about 25% and power consumption decreases by about 13%. It is also anticipated that further modifications in these designs may yield better results.

Condensation may occur during various industrial applications, including water collection, desalination, energy generation, and thermal management. This phenomenon affects heat transfer efficiency during energy generation and heat management processes. Film-wise and dropwise condensation were the two types of condensation based on their formation manner. Condenser tubes are one of the energy conversion systems in which the condensation phenomenon dramatically affects the system's efficiency. The high surface energy of the Condenser tube results in water film formation on the tube surface, which hinders heat transfer. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency of the Condenser is reduced due to further energy loss. The film-wise condensation should be altered to dropwise ones by reducing the surface energy of the tube to eliminate this issue. Hence, different coatings are applied to increase the Condenser tubes' hydrophobicity and heat transfer capacity. In this study, the importance of wettability and heat transfer mechanisms in Condenser tubes was determined primarily. Afterward, different coatings used to create dropwise condensation were introduced. Eventually, the applications and attributes of the mentioned coatings based on their cost, strength, durability, and efficiency were introduced.

This study looks into the various forms of corrosion that affect various elements of the South Pars Gas Company's first refinery's desalination plant, such as water compartments, tubular plates, support tubes, and the self-tube. To investigate the corrosion variables, a thorough analysis of the device's structure and process, as well as the material, was conducted. During repairs, damaged tubes were sampled and subjected to scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence testing. Evaluating scanning electron microscopy pictures from the inner surface of the tube reveals deformation and a rise in the tube's inner diameter. The X-ray diffraction patterns and elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence show that the inner surface is corroded. The external surface of the tube and analysis of the diffraction patterns in this region reveal the formation of copper oxides on the outer surface of the tubes, which, when compared to electron microscopic images, distinguishes pitting corrosion caused by acid condensation collision on the outer surface of the tube. Finally, the major cause of the fracture was pitting corrosion.

Cupronickel 90-10 is one of the most applicable Cu-based alloys which possess suitable corrosion resistance and strength and is employed extensively in marine industries particularly in the boilers and heat exchangers. Generally, the tubes of water cooling systems especially those use seawater as cooling medium are made of this alloy. In this paper, the causes of premature failure of a cupronickel (90-10) Condenser tube used in a cooling system of an oil refinery in the south of Iran have been studied by different microscopical and analytical methods, e.g. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that pitting corrosion on the internal surface of the tube was the main cause of its failure which was a consequence of the stagnant of the tube by external solids and preparation of an appropriate environment for the activity of microorganisms, hence, microbial corrosion.

Nowadays solar still is widely used in solar desalination processes. This work presents a modified stepped solar still with 7 steps 35 mm high, 80 mm wide and 600 mm long and external Condenser. Phase Change Material is used as a heat storage source to continue to sweeten saline water after sunset. In this study, stearic acid has been used as phase change material. In order to increase the efficiency of the still, a fan has been used to suck the air in the stepped solar still and transfer it to the Condenser. The experiment was carried out in four modes: the first mode was simple, the second mode was only with the fan and the Condenser, the third mode, with stearic acid as phase change material, and the fourth mode was used simultaneously with the PCM and external Condenser. The results show that the maximum productivity was obtained in fourth mode of experiment which is increased 104%.

There is a demand for reduced power consumption in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Coefficient of performance of window-air conditioners considerably decreases and power consumption increases under very hot conditions.These problems have encouragecl studies aimed at improving the performance of window-air-conditioners by enhancing the heat transfer rate in the Condenser. In this article, a new design for application of evaporative cooling in the Condenser of window-air conditioners is introduced and experimentally investigated. In this design, two pads equipped with a water injection system are located on both sides of the air-conditioner to cool down the air flow passing over the Condenser. The experimental results showed that thermodynamic characteristics of the system considerably improved while power consumption decreased by about 15% and the coefficient of performance increased by about 55%.