The aim of the current research was to identify the characteristics of the four elements in order to provide a problem-oriented curriculum model in the elementary school mathematics course. There were 19 participants and the sampling was done purposefully. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The problem-oriented curriculum template was designed using the characteristics of the elements and with the method of qualitative content analysis in the elementary school mathematics course. The identified features were validated by fuzzy Delphi method and Shannon's entropy method was used for data processing. Based on the results of the analysis, 7 main categories including the characteristics of goals at three levels of cognitive, attitudinal, skill, content, evaluation, teaching-learning strategy and 46 sub-categories were identified.                                                                                                                                                                In the fuzzy Delphi section, all features were confirmed by obtaining a de-fuzzified value greater than 0.7. The results of Shannon's entropy determined that the characteristics of starting teaching with a challenging question, creating a suitable educational environment, continuously monitoring the quality of learning strategies and communicating with students' talents have attracted the most attention and obtained the highest ranks and had a higher importance factor than other characteristics

Knowing the components of economic education provides the dynamic background of education in this field. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators and components of the economic education curriculum. The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research community is all the articles (211 articles) that have been presented from 1390 to 1401 AD and from 2010 to 2022 AD regarding economic education in curricula. The sample of the research is 32 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation, and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles. By analyzing the data, the dimensions of vitality in the curriculum of the elementary school in 4 factors and 55 categories including the dimension of individual factors (including indicators and components related to personality characteristics); The dimension of culture and economic ethics (economic fields in the society); The dimension of economic concepts and knowledge (indices in economic education) and the dimension of collective and communication concepts (communication and interaction indicators in education) were classified. Economic education is dependent on internal and external components in educational systems, which requires macro-planning in this field.

Introduction: Application of proper approaches as a logical framework for creating core curriculum prevents making additional information in curricula. This study aimed to introduce some useful approaches for determining core curriculum in medical science.Methods: This review study was done by electronic searching (PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar) as well as manual searching (library resources). key words were core curriculum, approach and outcome-based curriculum.Results: 105 papers were obtained.32 cases were eligible according to considered criteria. So far, Curriculum planners have adopted or proposed several approaches for determining core curriculum in medical education. This review introduced some effective approaches in medical education.Conclusion: Curriculum planners need to use effective approaches in medical education in order to provide essential and required content for learners according to community needs. It is necessary for them to consider curriculum revision and reduction of extra curriculum content.

The purpose of the study was to design a curriculum for the elderly education based on dialogue education approach. Jane K. Vella is the setter of this approach and the most important feature of this approach can be considered its attention to the audience and their special needs. The method of conducting this research is the application of the recommendations of the dialogue education approach. Sampling among the elderly participating in the course was voluntary and by sending an invitation. In sending the invitation, an effort was made to cover the maximum diversity of education, gender, and social status. In order to select the content based on the participants' needs, the list of Iranian elderly's educational needs was given to the six elderly who attended the educational meetings for selection. After selecting the content, the elements of the dialogical curriculum were determined. In the implementation phase, changes were made to adapt to the context, in the design and implementation process, and all the implementation and design phases were validated by Vella and the team members. Considering the special characteristics of the elderly, such as having experience, independence and self-directedness, the curriculum used for them should be able to take into account these characteristics, and considering the high flexibility of the dialogue and listening approach, as well as the achievement of all learners to the goals of each meeting, the approach to design educational courses in centers whose audience is the elderly, can increase the effectiveness and attractiveness of the courses.

Background & Objective: One of the most practical and most recognized methods of needs assessment and educational planning is the Developing a Curriculum (DACUM) model. Today, this model is employed, as a creative and effective method, in occupation or profession analysis.Methods: In the present study, during 3 workshops in 2 days and by using DACUM method educational needs assessment and occupation analysis was performed on the educational administrators (assistant dean for educational affairs in schools, heads of departments, and vice-chancellors for educational affairs in educational hospitals) of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results of this process served as foundational elements to planning training programs for the educational administrators.Results: The workshop resulted in the identification of 6 duties and 51 tasks for vice-chancellors for educational affairs in educational hospitals, 9 duties and 81 tasks for assistant dean for educational affairs in schools, 16 duties and 98 tasks for heads of departments. Moreover, a list of associated knowledge, skills, tools, equipment, supplies, materials used, and desirable worker traits for this occupational category was provided. Then, using results of panels, a questionnaire was designed in order to identify the importance, learning difficulty, and frequency of performance of duties and tasks. In addition, lists of general knowledge, worker behaviors, tools, equipment and supplies, and future trends and concerns were verified by respondents and the DACUM committee.Conclusion: Finally, based on the verified results and review of the literature, a training program, based on goals, context, and method of performance and evaluation, was prepared in order to be used by educational administrators of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Introduction: Maps can create a deeper insight of our surrounding environment. The map can also be used in curriculum for its reforming, and developing and ultimately improving teaching-learning process. This systematic review aimed to identify applications and benefits of curriculum mapping.Methods: Seven search engine and websites were searched using the keywords including curriculum mapping, curriculum map (s), medical, curriculum development and planning.1100 article was found and 179 articles were enrolled in the study. Then the relevant article (i.e.36 articles) were selected and analyzed.Results: 112 advantage and 111 applications were found in reviewed articles.32 advantage and 29 applications were listed after removing repetitive cases and merging some cases. The most common mentioned advantage was developing a participation culture (students and teachers participation in curriculum). Most applications of these maps were curriculum monitoring and evaluation from different perspective regarding to the required competencies for students.Conclusion: Various users including curriculum planners, administrators, professors and students use curriculum mapping according to their needs. Regarding the benefits of curriculum mapping and its various applications in the educational system, it is suggested that teachers and administrators in each department, design a curriculum map in a project. In this regard, computer programmers can increase accuracy and speed in the project.

Background & Objective: For greater success of the discipline of medical education and recognition of its weaknesses and strengths, performing a comparative study and utilizing the experiences of successful universities is necessary. This study was performed to compare the elements of the curricula of medical education discipline in the universities of Dundee (Scotland), Calgary (Canada), and Maastricht (Holland) with Iran.Methods: Data were gathered by searching university websites and communicating with them. The 3 universities of Dundee, Calgary and Maastricht, which had a high ranking in the medical education major, were selected as the study sample. The research model used in this study was the Beredy model that specifies the four stages of description, interpretation, proximity, and comparison in comparative studies.Results: The universities of Dundee, Calgary, and Maastricht, in stating the general characteristics of curriculum, have clearly focused on education in the field of medical sciences. Elements of mission, vision, and value were not observed in their curricula. In the universities of Dundee and Maastricht, educational strategies and the reason for their application, and the manner of course presentation had been explained. All 3 universities enrolled bachelor students. The course of research in education was emphasized by all universities.Conclusion: Based on this comparative study the curriculum of medical education in Iran seems complete and comprehensive. However, for quality improvement, the revision of goals and strategies of the discipline is necessary. Moreover, the presentation of courses in two forms of virtual and traditional education, admission of bachelor (BSc) students, replacement of compensatory course with prerequisite courses, and emphasizing of research method in education courses are recommended.

Curriculum as the backbone of the educational system is one of the important factors in creating fundamental changes in the higher education system; The purpose of this research is to explain the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education model from the Islamic point of view and  the Leader, so that it can be used to examine the curriculum of architecture education in terms of the realization of entrepreneurship components in students. The method of the current research is a mixed exploratory one, which in the qualitative part, by examining the views of the Leader in his articles, books and speeches, descriptive propositions of his thought regarding the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education were extracted with the implication research method. In the quantitative part, the data was analyzed using structural equation method and using SPSS20 and smart PLS software. The findings showed that the model of entrepreneurship from the Leader'spoint of view can be divided into four main pillars: vision, knowledge, skill and business. And each of these main pillars overlaps with the model of effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in architecture curriculum. In this way, architecture higher education centers can, in addition to creating entrepreneurship curricula in the field of architecture, by identifying the potentials in the curricula of this field, strengthen the strengths and eliminate the weaknesses in them. This model, while providing the conditions for the realization of entrepreneurship education in academic fields, provides the context for the implementation of a local model in the light of Islamic orders.

The purpose of the current research was to compare the shadow curriculum with hidden curriculum. For this purpose, the concepts of shadow curriculum and hidden curriculum were examined using a qualitative approach and speculative essay method. The analysis of the literature revealed that at the three levels of policy making of education system, school and classroom, hidden curriculum has no visible place, and stakeholders might not be aware of it, as opposed to the shadow curriculum that its existence is visible at all three levels and could stand against formal curriculum. However, the decision makers use the potential of hidden curriculum for different educational purposes. On the other hand, students and teachers might be aware of the existence of the shadow curriculum and even defend it. Another difference is that the shadow curriculum mostly appears in the form of experience, action, plan and social behavior, as opposed to the hidden curriculum that exists implicitly within the formal curriculum.