This study presents a dynamic way in a DG planning problem instead of the last static or pseudo-dynamic planning point of views. A new way in modeling the DG units’ output power and the load uncertainties based on the probability rules is proposed in this paper. A sensitivity analysis on the stochastic nature of the electricity price and global fuel price is carried out through a proposed model. Six types of clean and conventional DG units are included in the planning process. The presented dynamic planning problem is solved considering encouraging and punishment functions. The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) as a strong evolutionary strategy is employed to solve the DG planning problem. The proposed models and the proposed problem are applied on the 9-bus and 33-bus test distribution systems. The results show a significant improvement in the total revenue of the distribution system in all of the defined scenarios.

In this article, the high-k gate dielectric effect on the operation of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter build using conventional (CL) double-gate (DG) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and junctionless (JL) double-gate (DG) MOSFET has been explored. It is found that the improvement in inverter performance is more pronounced in CL-DG-MOSFET based CMOS inverter in comparison to JL-DG-MOSFET based CMOS inverter when SiO2 is replaced by the high-k dielectric at gate oxide. The improvement in low noise margin (Δ, NML), high noise margin (Δ, NMH), gain (Δ, A) & propagation delay (Δ, Pd) is 3. 19%, 1. 64%, 5. 2% & 0. 9% respectively when SiO2 is replaced by TiO2 at gate oxide in case of CL-DG-MOSFET based CMOS inverter whereas it is 1. 96%, 1. 24%, 3. 4% & 1. 71% respectively in case of JLDG-MOSFET based CMOS inverter. Consequently, the utilization of high-k dielectric as gate oxide is more advantageous in CL-DG-MOSFET devices for improved stability and gain of CMOS inverter.

The utilization of distributed generation (DG) in today's power systems has led to the emergence of the concept of microgrids, in addition to changing the mode of generating and supplying the energy required for network electrical loads. When a microgrid operates in the island mode, energy generation sources are responsible for controlling the microgrid’s voltage and frequency. As the microgrid frequency is proportional to the amount of power generated by the DG, the microgrid requires a precise power-sharing strategy. Considering that DGs do not usually have stable output power despite the importance of power stability, the present paper addresses the voltage and frequency control of an islanded microgrid by considering the power generation uncertainties caused by disturbances and the varying power output of DGs. Given that the disturbance on the first DG's input current is 0.2 A, which is approximately 2.2% of the steady-state value, a simulation was performed, and it was observed that the maximum voltage variation of each bus in the worst case was 0.59% for the first bus and 0.53% for the second bus, which means that the controller could control the voltage and frequency values within the permissible range. If the controller is not used, the change in the frequency of each bus will be 10 times, and the voltage change will be 5 times as great as that of the case the controller is used.

Although there are several development processes for creating entertainment games, serious games, and gamified solutions, there is a need for a new consolidated process capable of developing different types of computer games and digital gamified solutions. This study covers the topic of computer games and gamified solutions design and development processes. First, processes of computer entertainment game production are introduced and investigated. Second, the paper describes gamification and serious game development processes. Finally, this study presents a new process called (DG)2DP to develop entertainment and serious computer games as well as digital gamified solutions. Two methods have been employed to evaluate the proposed game development method. First, the proposed process is assessed by 42 game development practitioners through an 8-factors questionnaire. Second, 16 experts that have applied the process are requested to rate the extent to which they would recommend the (DG)2DP to other game developers. The evaluation results show a 28.39% higher score for (DG)²DP than other processes. Furthermore, in comparison with other development processes, 81.25% of respondents agreed and strongly agreed to recommend the (DG)2DP to other game developers.

In this study a new technique of Direct Power Control (DPC) is proposed to connect distributed generation sources to the nationwide grid. This technique not only adds power of distributed generation sources to the grid, but also is capable to compensate the reactive and harmonic power of non-linear loads as well. In this study, converters’ voltage references for generating compensation current are directly calculated in synchronous rotating coordinate system in each period of sampling; then, a proper pulse width modulation (PWM) generates the used voltages. The proposed DPC technique has some advantages including simple algorithm of fast dynamic as well as fixed switching frequency and small sampling frequency. The performance of the proposed direct control technique is confirmed by simulation results.