Synergistic DIVERGENCE is a congenital syndrome of monocular adduction deficit with simultaneous abduction of both eyes on attempted gaze in the field of paretic medial rectus muscles. EMG data showed that it is a neural miswiring disorder related to Duane syndrome. We presented two brothers with typical bilateral adduction palsy and simultaneous DIVERGENCE. One of them underwent maximal bilateral lateral rectus recession with marked improvement.  

During the twentieth century of A.C. Khouzestan the most strategic province if Iran, more than any other provinces of this country, has been exposed to separatism. Arab governments, Specially Iraq, have been the greatest planner and obstinate spporter of separation of this part of Iran. Being Arabs and particularly historical desire of the magority of this province inhabitance for separation has been the most important excuse and proof supporting this plan. This research tries to analysis the DIVERGENCE and convergence degree of Khouzestan Arabs with regard to the major constructing political core of country an national aspiration as well. 

Studies on the evolutionary history of ascomycetes in terms of time scale will help to understand historical patterns that shape their biodiversity. Until now most of dating studies of ascomycetes have focused on major events in fungal evolution but not on DIVERGENCE events within smaller groups of fungi e.g. within Sordariomycetes. We used molecular dating to estimate the time of separation of Polystigma from other groups of Sordariomycetes with a Bayesian approach using a relaxed clock model and secondary calibration. Sequences from ITS region and SSU gene of rDNA were used for this purpose. We inferred evolutionary dates in Sordariomycetes particularly for Xylariomycetidae. Dating analyses showed that Polystigma diverged from Xylariales approximately 90 Million years ago in the late Cretaceous in which most other diversification events occurred. Our results also suggest that Polystigma amygdalinum and P. rubrum diverged in early Eocene concurrently with the DIVERGENCE of their hosts, also providing a base for speculation on the location of evolution of these pathogens.

Russia and Iran, one with European background and Slavic racial origins with the other one being of Asian descent with non-Slavic racial origins, are playing their roles in building regional and international order according to their respective capacities, capabilities. Geopolitical and geostrategic developments and differences in proclaimed and practical approaches have historically changed the areas of conflict or interaction between the two countries, thus, raising questions about the reason behind instability of relations between Iran and Russia. To analyze changing relations between Iran and Russia, conceptual differences between these two political units should be taken into account. Russia's approach to Iran is mostly tactical and instrumental both on regional and bilateral levels. However, Iran's approach to Russia is idealistic, based on ideological rationality, and related to largescale issues. As to main reason behind instability of Iran-Russia relations, one may refer to dominance of a geo-political over a geo-economic viewpoint. This means that the political aspect of relations between Iran and Russia has overshadowed economic aspects of those relations.

In this paper, we improve DIVERGENCE measure between populations that has been considered in [19, 24, 31]. Furthermore we use a version of this measure to test homogeneity of covariances, to test homogeneity of means, to test complete homogeneity in multivariate normal.

Incarnation has long been the special concern of thinkers of different ethnicity and creeds. Besides, Quranic texts have explicitly mentioned the doctrine of corporal resurrection, to which Muslims has always adhered. However, this doctrine has always come under serious criticisms, one of which is considering it as identical with reincarnation, which is generally believed to be impossible. The present paper tries to elaborate on philosopher and theologians’ view about the relationship between reincarnation and corporal resurrection into a body composed of elements, and explain the view adopted by the researcher. The main research findings show that Avicenna and Mulla Sadra believe that corporal resurrection into a body composed of elements is an instance of reincarnation. However, due to their particular view of reincarnation, theologians do not tolerate such a convergence.

Variable selection via penalized estimation is appealing for dimension reduction. For penalized linear regression, Efron, et al. (2004) introduced the LARS algorithm. Recently, the coordinate descent (CD) algorithm was developed by Friedman, et al. (2007) for penalized linear regression and penalized logistic regression and was shown to gain computational superiority. This paper explores the CD algorithm to penalized Bregman DIVERGENCE (BD) estimation for a broader class of models, including not only the generalized linear model, which has been well studied in the literature on penalization, but also the quasi-likelihood model, which has been less developed. Simulation study and real data application illustrate the performances of the CD and LARS algorithms in regression estimation, variable selection and classification procedure when the number of explanatory variables is large in comparison to the sample size.

The revolts of the Hassanids during the Abbasid Caliphate began with the revolt of Muhammad Ibn Abdullah in 145 AH. His uprising was of particular importance for reasons such as the allegiance of the first two Abbasid caliphs to him, his hereditary position, the massive propaganda about him, and his wide range of supporters. Among the various supporters of the uprising were some Ghulat leaders, people who shared few of the views and beliefs of the Hassanids. In this article, through a descriptive-analytical method, the factors influencing the Ghulats’ support for the uprising of Muhammad Ibn Abdullah, despite the minimal convergence of their beliefs, have been considered. The results of this study show that Ghulat leaders, in order to attract more supporters and teach their followers their own desired meaning for the Mahdi, made use of the circumstances created by the death of the Alavid elders and the Hassanids’ propaganda about the Muhammad Ibn Abdullah. On the other hand, Ghulats’ emphasis on the need for an armed uprising and eliminating the opposition in their teachings, while emphasizing the resurrection of the Mahdi to fill the world with justice, led to their acceptance of the two beliefs of the Hassanids: their superiority for Imamate and the necessity for an armed uprising. This eventually led to the support of some Ghulats for Muhammad’ s uprising.