Light is never being distributed homogeneously and it forms a gradient over biomass. The unidirectional nature of light gives rise to a vertical gradient of light intensity as a function of Depth. The maximum Depth of the light zone suitable for phytoplankton photosynthesis is designated as the euphotic Depth. This study was designed to test the hypothesis of mixing Depth of phytoplankton and its compensation Depth. In a water column undergoing turbulent mixing, where phytoplankton cells are around by the fluid motion, the irradiance encountered by cells will be a function of the ratio between the euphotic Depth (zy) and the Depth of mixing (zm). During the course of study the zy/zm ratio value were observed in the range of 0.4427 to 3.242. However, identification of Compensation point values for zy/zm indicates that light conditions are suitable for net phytoplankton production, because the mean value (0.3413) was good for the phytoplanktonic growth, which was greater than the minimum 0.20 limit.

Determination of soil Depth and its variations is possible through soil survey and drilling. This requires budget, time, and skilled personnel. Soil – landscape relationships approach makes it possible to develop the soil Depth predictor model from topographic attributes by using multiple linear regression statistic method. In this research, primary and secondary topographic attributes of the Rimeleh catchment were derived from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Soil Depth was determined at 189 systematically randomized positions of the catchment by soil drilling. Data of soil Depth and topographic attributes were analyzed using SPSS 19 software. Results showed that the soil Depth predicted by the model had significant negative correlation (P<0. 01) with slope gradient and elevation. The correlation coefficient of the model was 0. 63. The fitted line to the scattered plot of observed soil Depths and predicted soil Depths had also a correlation coefficient of 0. 65. Other topographic attributes affected the soil Depth but their effects were not significant statistically. So, they were not included in the model.

We show that for each positive integer n, there exist a group G and a subgroup H such that the ordinary Depth d(H,G) is 2n. This solves the open problem posed by Lars Kadison whether even ordinary Depth larger than 6 can occur.

Most theorists of architecture believe that culture is one of the factors influencing home design. The spatial configuration of a house in an area can support or disrupt the culture of the inhabitants. Hence, the shape of the house in indigenous architecture is an expression of understanding the content of human life. The necessity of this research is explained based on the dimensions of family and social life. The houses of the Zandieh and Qajar dynasties of Shiraz, which are mostly located in the Sang-e Siah neighborhood, form the statistical population of this research which is of a diverse kind. The aim of this study is to read the spatial organization of the native houses of the old texture of Shiraz accomplished by Space Syntax and the graphical analytical analysis (SPSS) software. Based on the logical arguments gained from the little information obtained from the graphs output of the Ucl Depth Map software, the strengths and weaknesses of the native houses were examined. By analyzing the attained information, a suitable model was extracted in terms of socio-cultural concepts involving the ancient elements. According to the results of the research, by combining the model obtained from this research with modern residential replicas, an innovative prototype can be presented for the imminent houses of the historical cities of Iran. Research objectives 1. Investigating the organization of the native houses of the old texture of Shiraz city 2. Explaining a suitable model for contemporary housing based on the ancient analysis of the models of Zandieh and Qajar period houses in Shiraz. Research question 1. How has culture (residential and social) affected the formation of the Space Organization of Shiraz Houses (Zandieh and Qajar)? 2. What is the role of architects and planners in the present age in perpetuating the socio-cultural values of indigenous environments? To what extent are design software involved in this area?