INTRODUCTION: Enuresis is one of the most common problems in child psychiatry, which can cause considerable behavioral problems. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between enuresis and behavioral problems in children.METHODS: This is an analytical-descriptive study which used the case-control method based on the diagnostic criteria of the American Psychiatric Association. The case group consisted of 125 functional enuretic children and the control group consisted of 250 children aged between 5 and 13 years. The two groups were compared in the year 1999. The tools used for collecting data were interviews with parents and children, a questionnaire addressing enuresis, and the Eyeberg checklist of behavior.RESULTS: The results of this study show that enuretic children have more behavioral problems compared to non-enuretic children (P<0.0001). No relationship was found between enuresis, the type of enuresis and a positive family history of enuresis. DISCUSSION: Enuretic children, especially boys displayed more behavioral problems; hence behavioral assessment is necessary in addition to enuresis treatment in order to prevent educational, personality and behavioral problems in the future.