Drop nose the Drop nose in the upper and lower sections causes poor breathing and deformity of the nose. In this lecture we discuss the causes and the method of operation. Nasal tip depression and deformation of the labial angle for any defund as saddle nose. This angle is 95-100 degrees in men and 95-115 degrees in women. Apart from the role that this angle has in breathing, it also has an important role in making individuals look younger. This nasal tip depression can cause some minor disorders in breathing functions. Causes: Several causes can make this angle deformation. The most important causes are strokes and disorders in the nose tip organization and the loss of important tip support, such as reaching septum caudal or removing a lot of septum in SMR.

Drop size distribution and Sauter-mean Drop diameters have been measured in a pilot scale Hanson mixer-settler extraction column for two different liquid-liquid systems.The experiments were carried out for both mass transfer directions. The effects of agitation speed and dispersed phase and continuous phase flow rates have been investigated under a variety of operating conditions. Mean Drop diameter axial profiles show a strong nonuniformity, while Drop size distribution does not change significantly with the column height. Sauter mean diameter and Drop size distribution are strongly affected by agitation speed and interfacial tension. Significant, but weaker are the effects of continuous phase and dispersed phase flow rates. An empirical correlation for mean Drop size as a function of Weber number, dispersed phase holdup, and viscosities ratio is suggested. In a further correlation, the dispersed phase holdup is replaced by flow rates which will certainly be known in a practical case.

Purpose: To report 14 cases of gelatinous Drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDCD) for the first time in Iran.Material and methods: This is a case series of 14 patients who were diagnosed based on clinical characteristics and pathologic documentation.Results: Of 14 cases, 11 were female and 3 were male. Average age was 28.6 years. According to family trees, the predominant mode of inheritance was autosomal recessive, however 1 case was sporadic and 3 cases in a single family showed autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Ten cases underwent surgery including superficial keratectomy (SK), lamellar keratoplasty (LK), and penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Cases were followed for 5-15 years (mean 8). Recurrence was the rule; one case underwent 4 PKs in one eye.Conclusion: GDCD is a rare autosomal recessive corneal dystrophy which causes early and severe visual loss in young adults. Recurrences complicate SK, LK, and PK. Surgical interventions (especially PK) should better be postponed as much as possible.

Natural or industrial flows of a fluid often involve Droplets or bubbles of another fluid, pinned by physical or chemical impurities or by the roughness of the bounding walls. Here we study numerically one Drop pinned on a circular hyDrophilic patch, on an oscillating incline whose angle is proportional to sin(ω t). The resulting deformation of the Drop is measured by the displacement of its center of mass, which behaves similarly to a driven over-damped linear oscillator with amplitude A(ω ) and phase lag φ (ω ). The phase lag is O(ω ) at small ω like a linear oscillator, but the amplitude is O(ω − 1) in a wide range of large ω instead of O(ω − 2) for a linear oscillator. A heuristic explanation is given for this behaviour. The simulations were performed with the software Comsol in mode Laminar Two-Phase Flow, Level Set, with fluid 1 as engine oil and fluid 2 as water.

The lateral migration of a two-dimensional buoyant Drop in simple shear flow is studied numerically. For a slightly buoyant Drop, the Drop migrates to an equilibrium position which is close to the walls depending on whether the Drop leads or lags the flow. If the Drop is relatively more buoyant, the equilibrium position moves back to the midplane. The equilibrium position of the Drop depends on the Froude number of the flow. The behavior has been investigated for various Froude numbers. The equilibrium position also depends on the Drop deformation. When the Capillary number is raised, the equilibrium position moves away from the wall. At relatively large Capillary numbers, the Drop shape is not stable, and the equilibrium position shows small oscillations due to an unstable Drop shape. The effect of the Reynolds number on the equilibrium position has also been studied by a few simulations. It is found that at a relatively large Reynolds numbers (Reh=80) and a moderate Froude number (Fr=160) the Drop oscillates with a finite amplitude inside the channel. The equilibrium position of the Drop agrees qualitatively with perturbation theories and numerical results available for solid particles.

Knowledge of Droplet behavior is one of the most important criteria for determination of mass transfer kinetics for choosing the type of liquid-liquid extraction columns. Mean Drop size data of dispersed phase Droplets in continuous phase were obtained for various rotary agitated liquid-liquid extraction columns. The effects of operational variables such as rotor speed and dispersed and continuous phase velocities were investigated. In addition, the effect of mass transfer direction was studied on the Sauter mean Drop diameter. The Sauter mean Drop diameter was influenced mainly by mass transfer direction and agitation speed. In this research work, previous experimental works in agitated extraction columns (RDC, ARDC, PRDC, Scheibel, Oldshue-Rushton and Kü hni columns) are reviewed. Calculations with the literature correlations cannot predict experimental data, thus unified correlations considering the physical properties, operating conditions and geometric parameters were provided to predict the mean Drop size (d32). The results of the proposed correlation were compared with the experimental data obtained from the literature and the present investigation. This correlation covers several physical systems for various rotary agitated extractors. Findings of this study demonstrated that the proposed correlation leads to an accurate prediction for the Sauter mean Drop diameter in rotary extraction columns.