The ability of plant communities in natural ecosystems to modify temperature has become increasingly important due to the profound impacts of global climate change, particularly in arid regions. However, previous studies have provided limited information on the long-term temperature feedback of these plant communities and the biotic drivers behind these changes. This study aimed to determine the functional traits and types of plant communities as biotic drivers of land surface temperature (LST) at the plant community scale, with a focus on identifying co-functioning communities in the Sirjan region of Kerman Province. To achieve this, we utilized the MODIS-LST 8-day composite product at the plant community scale and measured functional traits of dominant species through field operations. The results revealed that leaf dry matter content (LDMC), maximum height (MH), and leaf width (LW) traits significantly reduce LST. Additionally, cluster analysis indicated that the plant communities in the study area can be classified into five functional groups, which fall into two co-function categories. The S-strategized co-function (e.g., 26 communities), characterized by high LDMC values and a combination of abrupt and trend feedback in LST, was found to be more effective than the R-strategized co-function (e.g., 13 communities), which exhibited only trend feedback. Therefore, it can be argued that extreme temperatures, as a global concern, can be mitigated through careful selection of vegetation based on functional traits and strategies. This approach, particularly through rangeland improvement practices using species such as Astragalus spachianus, Cornulaca monacantha, and Launaea acanthodes, could play a significant role in addressing this challenge.

This article examines the role of technological advancements and their impact on the transformation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Drawing on recent studies, we explore the interplay between scientific knowledge, technology, and nascent entrepreneurship, demonstrating how the integration of these elements can lead to the creation of new businesses and economic growth. The importance of technology transfer in bolstering social entrepreneurship and designing innovative ecosystems to tackle social challenges is emphasized. Additionally, the article analyzes the challenges and opportunities entrepreneurs face in adapting to technological progress and examines the role of governments and supportive policies in promoting technological entrepreneurship. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of how to nurture a thriving entrepreneurial landscape in the digital age.

This study explores how digital ecosystems contribute to business continuity by enhancing collaboration, enabling technology integration, facilitating risk management, and fostering value creation across organizations. A qualitative research design was employed, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with 27 participants recruited from online professional platforms. Participants included business executives, digital transformation specialists, IT consultants, and organizational change managers. Interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved, and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo software. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Digital ecosystems foster collaboration through shared platforms, knowledge sharing, and stakeholder engagement, which promote organizational resilience,(2) Technology integration and adaptation, including scalability, standardization, and addressing legacy systems, enable organizations to remain agile in dynamic environments,(3) Effective risk management within digital ecosystems, facilitated by real-time monitoring, cybersecurity measures, and regulatory compliance, is essential for mitigating disruptions,(4) Value creation is driven by personalized customer experiences, co-created innovation, and sustainable practices. These findings demonstrate how digital ecosystems serve as a foundation for organizational resilience and long-term operational stability. Digital ecosystems play a pivotal role in enhancing business continuity by enabling collaboration, technological adaptation, proactive risk management, and innovation. Organizations that effectively integrate digital ecosystems into their operations can better navigate disruptions, maintain resilience, and achieve sustainable growth. Future research should explore sector-specific dynamics and the impact of emerging technologies on digital ecosystems to provide a deeper understanding of their transformative potential.

Despite its popularity among scholars, practitioners and policymakers, there is still no consensus around the term “ innovation ecosystem” and related concepts. Ecosystem approach, which focuses on relationships between innovation system players and their interdependence to co-create value, role of private sector and small firms, role of digital technologies, open innovation, and market forces and demand side of innovation, can provide a complementary approach to innovation system to help augment innovation systems. In this paper, different ecosystem approaches are introduced and innovation ecosystem components, ecosystem life cycle phases, and policies to strengthen innovation ecosystems are reviewed. Since ecosystem literature is more focused on firm strategies than government policies, there is still no comprehensive framework for innovation ecosystem policies, so in this paper different innovation ecosystem policies are reviewed. Innovation ecosystems’ success depends on multiple factors, and different innovation ecosystem policies were introduced in literature, including supporting ecosystem transition, supporting shared vision creation, supporting co-evolution, supporting geographic proximity, supporting platform creation, and supporting desired ecosystem properties. At the end, Iran’ s biopharmaceutical innovation ecosystem is introduced as a case study.