INTRODUCTION: Endophthalmitis is a severe complication of penetrating ocular trauma. Posttraumatic endophthalmitis is a condition in which an infective organism gains access to the eye at the time of injury. The aim of this study was to identify some of the factors associated with increased incidence of posttraumatic endophthalmitis.METHODS: sectional analysis was performed on 458 consecutive patients with penetrating ocular trauma presenting to Feiz Hospital. Some clinical variables were evaluated for association with an increased risk of endophthalmitis.RESULTS: Endophthalmitis occurred in 45 (9.8%) of 458 patients. There was a statistical association between endophthalmitis and a rural setting, corneoscleral wounds, hyphema, and delayed primary repair.DISCUSSION: Patients living in villages, those undergoing surgery with delay, and patients with corneoscleral laceration and hyphema stood an increased risk of posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Identification of endophthalmitis risk factors would heighten suspicion for infection in certain eyes.