Background: There is a long history of using physical activities and herbal medications to cure psychological diseases such as stress and anxiety. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of training, Extract of Althaea kurdica flower and noise stress on the anxiety of Wistar male rats.Methods: Thirty-five male rats were randomly divided into five groups: the noise group (n=7), training+noise group (n=7), Extract+noise group (n=7), training+noise +Extract group (n=7), and the control group (n=7). The aerobic training was performed 5 days per week, for a 60-day period. The noise stress included exposure to traffic noise 5hrs/per day over a 60-day period (range: 95±15 dB). The althaea kurdica Extracts (IP) (500mg/per kg of body weight) were injected 30 min prior to the plus maze test. The control group (n=7) was not exposed to any noise or exercise, and was kept away from the sources of stress; the rats were kept under the same conditions. For the statistical data analysis, one-way ANOVA and LSD tests were used (p£0.05).Results: The results showed that in the (noise+training+Extract) and (training+Extract) groups, the anxiety was less than and the noise group was higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). It seems that aerobic training and Extract injections had eliminated the effect of noise stress, and apparently the effect of aerobic training was more significant than that of the Extracts.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) belonging to the Asteraceae family and known for its valuable secondary metabolite, silymarin. In order to get the cell suspension culture of Silybum marianum, the combination of 2,4-D and BAP hormones each with five different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L) and 3 different seedling explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl and root) was used to callus formation. High-quality callus was observed in eight different of hormone-explant combinations. Successful cell suspension culture was achieved only by using callus created from cotyledon explants treated with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BAP. Furthermore, the study examined the effects of 2% and 4% Serendipita indica cell wall Extract as an elicitor on silymarin production in cell suspension culture at three different inoculation times (24, 48, and 72 h). After 48 h of inoculation with 2% fungal Extract, the highest level of silymarin (199 ppm) was observed, which was significantly different from the control (46 ppm). The silymarin content of cells increased over time through elicitation with 4% fungal elicitor, while no similar pattern was observed with 2% fungal Extract. Based on the results, the cell wall of S. indica can significantly enhance the amount of SLM in the cell suspension culture of S. marianum.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, that is associated with increased oxidative stress statues. Moreover, despite of many studies that indicated regular exercise training is associated with numerous health benefits, it has been shown that acute exercise might give rise to increased oxidative stress. Therefore, natural supplementation might attenuate oxidative stress in exercise. The present study is conducted to assess the effect of blackberry Extract on the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation after acute resistance exercise in obese men.Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blind design, twenty obese men (BMIS³30) were assigned into one of two placebo (n=10) and supplement (n=10) groups. Supplement group received 100 mg blackberry daily for seven days while other group consumed placebo. All subjects underwent resistance exercise that included nine exercises with 60% 1-RM. Venous blood samples to determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index to lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were obtained one week prior to the exercise, immediately before the exercise and 24 hours after the exercise.Results: The results indicated that MDA concentration significantly increased after resistance exercise in placebo group as compared to the supplement group (P<0.05). Moreover, the mean of total antioxidant capacity remained unchanged in both groups in immediately preexercise and 24 h post exercise (P>0.005).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that acute resistance exercise give rise to increased MDA concentration in obese men. The application of blackberry Extract employed as an antioxidant supplement might ameliorate this marker and prevent the oxidative stress damage.

Considering the adverse effects of storage insect pests and their resistance to chemical insecticides, identifying safe, cost-effective, and durable methods to control and reduce storage pest-induced damage appears essential. Utilizing diatomaceous earth is one alternative to chemical pesticides for controlling stored-product insect pests. This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of diatomaceous earth at a concentration of 0.2 mg/cm2 against two stored-products insect pests, Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Tribolium confusum Jacqulin Duval, on concrete, mosaic, and galvanized steel surfaces. To this end, the surfaces were treated with different diatomaceous earth formulations, including a commercial formulation, SilicoSec®, an Iranian formulation, Dryasil, Dryasil + 0.05% Mentha longifolia L. Extract, and talcum powder + 0.05% M. longifolia Extract. Mortality was measured 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment. The experiment was conducted at 27 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and dark conditions. The experiments were performed in nine replications (10 adults in each replication). The mortality percentage of R. dominica 7 days after treatment with Silicosec®, Dryasil alone, Dryasil + 0.05% M. longifolia Extract, and talcum powder + 0.05% M. longifolia Extract on galvanized steel were 43.33, 54.44, 33.33, and 25.55%, respectively. The results indicated that the mortality percentage of T. confusum on galvanized steel was 35.55, 45.55, 26.66, and 23.33%, respectively. The mortality of T. confusum was lower than that of R. dominica adults. Results indicated that the insecticidal effect of diatomaceous earth increased over time. Diatomaceous earth alone had a more significant insecticidal effect than combining them with M. longifolia Extract. The highest percentage of mortality in all treatments was found on the galvanized steel, mosaic, followed by concrete surfaces, respectively. Therefore, Dryasil formulation can be used to control stored-products pests in grain silos, although its insecticidal efficacy varies based on surface type

Oils and fats under the influence of several factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzyme are oxidized. Use of synthetic antioxidants due to the possibility of toxicity and carcinogenicity, has been under questioned. The aim of this study was to optimize the Extraction conditions of Ajowan seed Extracts and evaluate their antioxidant properties. In this study Ajowan seed under different concentration of solvents (water and ethanol in 0, 50 and 100% concentration), Extraction time (0. 25, 12 and 24 hours) and different temperatures (20, 50, 80 ° C) were prepared. The optimal Extraction conditions were defined by response surface methods and Extraction was performed at the optimum condition. Then different concentrations (0. 2, 0. 4 and 0. 6%) of optimum Extracts were prepared and added to the non-containing antioxidant soybean oil. All treatments were kept under 90 ° C for 5 days. Acidic value, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) were performed on each treatment in every day. Data analysis showed that addition of water to the solvent increased phenolic compounds Extracts and antioxidant activity. According to the results of the thermal stability of soybean oil, the best results were related to BHT and other higher concentrations of ethanolic Extracts. The results of the present study showed that the ethanolic Extracts of Ajowan seed can be used as natural antioxidants in the formulation of edible oils.