The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health, economic, and social factors and harmed the distribution and sales of agricultural products. It has become a crucial factor in agricultural development. The purpose of the present study is to design a sustainable development model in the agricultural sector under circuital circumstances (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic). To achieve this goal of used a combined methodology of grounded theory, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), the Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) method, and the Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory-based analytic network process (FDANP) method. The criteria of higher importance were identified using grounded theory and FDM. Then, the fuzzy DEMATEL method was carried out to identify internal relationships, effects, and dependencies of the main criteria. Finally, the weight of the main criteria of the model has been calculated with the Fuzzy DANP method. According to the results of the Fuzzy DEMATEL method, Critical circumstances (COVID-19), environmental factors, educational factors, health factors, and economic factors had the highest effects. The “critical circumstances” criterion (COVID-19) had the largest effect and strongest relationship with the other criteria. On the other hand, the results of the Fuzzy DANP method show that environmental factors (MC7), social factors (MC2), critical circumstances (COVID-19) (MC5), health factors (MC1), entrepreneurial factors (MC8), are the most important criteria of the sustainable development model of the agricultural sector under critical circumstances. Therefore, to move on the path of sustainable development in the agricultural sector, one should focus on the factors that have a higher influence and importance.