The problem of darcian natural convection in inclined square cavity partially FILLED between the central square hole FILLED with fluid and inside a square porous cavity FILLED with nanofluid is numerically studied using the finite element method. The left vertical wall is maintained at a constant hot temperature Th and the right vertical wall is maintained at a constant cold temperature Tc, while the horizontal walls are adiabatic. The governing equations are obtained by applying the Darcy model and Boussinesq approximation. COMSOL’s finite element method is used to solve the non-dimensional governing equations together with the specified boundary conditions. The governing parameters of this study are the Rayleigh number.

An analytical and numerical study is made on the dispersion properties of a cylindrical waveguide FILLED with plasma. An electron beam and static external magnetic field are considered as the mechanisms for controlling the field attenuation and possible stability of the waveguide.The effects of plasma warmness and inhomogeneity are also considered. Dispersion relations in w describing different physical situations that govern the mode propagation in the waveguide are obtained. The plasma dielectric tensors and the dispersion relations which describe E and H waves and, hence, the damping rate of these waves are calculated and studied. The necessary conditions for the field stability in the waveguide and amplification coefficients for these waves are also obtained. H-wave modes are always attenuated by collisional effect. The growth of the excited E wave is calculated in the resonance case, and the stability condition for the E wave is obtained. E waves are found to be more stable in warm plasma compared to cold plasma. The results obtained here are of great interest and may be used to analyze how the plasma affects the electromagnetic properties of the cavity of the 1-2 MW 140-170 GHz continuous-wave gyrotron (for W7-X stellarator and ITER), for MW gyrotron development for fusion plasma applications, and for second harmonic generation in a plasma-FILLED parallel plane waveguide.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a modified capsulorhexis technique featuring a new maneuver for the removal of subcortical fluid in fluid-FILLED mature cataracts to avoid high intralenticular pressure. Methods: This prospective interventional study included 33 eyes with mature cataracts and evidence of subcapsular fluid spaces by slit lamp examination. For each patient, 20% mannitol was administered intravenously according to the bodyweight 1 h preoperatively. Under peribulbar anesthesia, a 2. 2-mm main incision was made, and the anterior chamber was FILLED with a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device. Using a bent-tip cystotome, a 2-mm curved incision was made in the center of the anterior capsule, which released subcortical fluid and was drained through compression of the posterior lip of the main incision using a spatula. Then, fine gentle milking in all quadrants around the puncture on the anterior lens capsule from the periphery toward the site of puncture using the blunt-edged spatula further assists drainage of subcortical fluid and breaks fine septa inside the lens to remove fluid from intralenticular fluid pocket collections. Results: The study included 15 (45. 5%) men and 18 (54. 5%) women with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age of 63. 2 ± 5. 33 and 64. 4 ± 6. 21 years, respectively. The modified capsulorhexis technique was performed for 33 intumescent cataracts. Capsulorhexis was completed in all cases; capsulorhexis was easy in 31 (94%) eyes and difficult in 2 (6%) eyes. In the two difficult cases, radial extension occurred in one eye, and it was retrieved using the Little technique; the other case with radial tear was completed successfully using a retinal micro scissor from the other edge of the capsulorhexis until reaching an oval, continuous capsulorhexis. Conclusions: This modified capsulorhexis technique with compression on the posterior lip of the main incision and capsule milking allowed for a safe, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. Further comparative studies are necessary to confirm our preliminary results.

Effects of filler (carbon black N110, silica and calcium carbonate) on the mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) – linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blends have been investigated. The blends were prepared by melt blending in a Haake Rheomix at 140°C, 15 min mixing time and a rotor speed of 50 rpm. Fillers were incorporated into the blend for 10-60 vol.%. The mechanical and physical properties of the blends were found dependent on the filler characterization. Swelling index and elongation-at-break showed a decreasing trend with increasing volume percent of filler loading in the blend. The significant change in other physical properties includes gel content and bound rubber of the samples indicated a strong interaction between the filler particles and polymer matrix. In conclusion, mean agglomerate particles size and polymer-filler interaction are the factors determining the mechanical and physical properties of NR/LLDPE blends

In this manuscript, the energy absorption behavior of the empty aluminum and ALPORAS foam-FILLED square tubes is investigated through experimental and numerical routes. The experimental method is conducted by an axial impact test apparatus. To discover more details about crushing behavior, LS DYNA software is used for numerical simulation of the tests. The results of both methods are in satisfactory compliance. As a novelty, the crash performance of tubes FILLED with different foam densities is investigated. To examine the foam density effect on energy absorption of the tube, multi-layer foams with three different densities have been applied. It has been proven that filling the tubes with gradient foam improves the crash characteristics of the tubes. Numerical results revealed that tubes FILLED with gradient foam filler can absorb more energy than empty and tubes FILLED with different individual foams of lower weight. In numerical simulations, the required foam parameters are estimated from existing formulas. Compression test results of foam with different densities are implemented for calibrating these formulas.