Background and objectives: Fear and anxiety during pregnancy will have a great impact on the mental health of the mother and the fetus, These conditions may be due to fear of childbirth, which can exacerbate sense of pain, severity of pain, anxiety, distress, discomfort and disability. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the factors affecting on fear of child birth. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 211 eligible mothers in health centers of Gorgan, Iran, in the second six months of 1396, by simple sampling. The Data was collected by Wijma Maternity Fear Questionnaire (A) and analyzed by SPSS software version 18, using Fisher and Kruskal Wallis tests at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The range of maternal fear of childbirth scores was from 14 to 120 with a mean of 61. 75 and a standard deviation of 22. 99. About 77. 2% of mothers had a mild or moderate, 18. 5% had clinical and 4. 3% had severe fear of childbirth. In this study, the pregnant woman’ s and her husband’ s job, as well as husband's level of education, were identified as the most important influencing factor on the fear of childbirth. Conclusion: According to this study, 18. 5% of the Nulliparous mothers had clinical and 4. 3% had sever fear of Childbirth; therefore, in order to promote the pregnant mother’ s mental health, new strategies should be adopted to reduce this fear. In addition, knowing the factors affecting this fear will help us to plan and implement strategies to deal with the fear of childbirth more accurately.

Current sensors are required in Field-Oriented Control (FOC) strategies of Three-Phase Induction Motor (TPIM) drives. Nevertheless, the current sensors are subject to different electrical/mechanical faults which reduce the safety and dependability of the drive system. Single phase current sensor Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) for sensorless TPIM drives using flux observer and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed in this research. In the suggested FTC scheme, current sensor fault detection is based on axes transformation, a logic circuit is served as the fault isolation and reconstruction of faulted currents are achieved through flux observer and EKF. The presented FTC system is capable of detecting and localizing the current sensor fault and switching the drive system to tolerant FOC mode without the rotor speed measurement. The effectiveness of the suggested FTC system is confirmed by experiments on a 0.75kW TPIM drive platform.

Vectorial control of the speed of an induction motor is an advanced speed control method, enabling us to control torque, magnetic flux individually as that of DC motor. This paper pre3sents, the effecting factors dominating on the motor &the primarily vectorial control, leading to an advanced model of control in various &arbitrary co- ordinate systems. Finally a biased field control method with/&without speed sensors, introduced & simulated.

The Vector Control (VC) of Y-Connected Induction Motor (YCIM) drives is entirely demanding task. Furthermore, YCIM under an Open-Circuit Fault in the Stator Coils (OCFSC) leads to deterioration of the VC. Consequently, the VC of YCIMs under an OCFSC requires a suitable design. This research FOCuses on an accurate and modified Field-Oriented Control (FOC) strategy for 3-phase YCIM drives under an OCFSC. Most of the recent papers studying VC of YCIMs under an OCFSC ignore the leakage inductance in the VC equations. This paper presents an alternative VC technique, considering the leakage inductance in the VC equations of YCIMs under an OCFSC. In the presented VC system, two asymmetrical Rotating Transformations (RTs) for the stator current and voltage quantities are proposed and employed. In the proposed scheme, the genetic algorithm is used to regulate the parameters of the Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers. The developed VC system provides an accurate control against an OCFSC and can be employed for different industries that need Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) systems. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through experimentation in the laboratory. The proposed control scheme gives good responses during both steady state and transient sate. In addition, the proposed VC system gives better performances during the post-fault operation compared to previous works in terms of speed and torque ripples.

This paper deals with the Active and Reactive Power control of double-fed induction generator (DFIG) for variable speed wind turbine. For controlling separately the active and the reactive power generated by a DFIG, field oriented control (FOC) and indirect sliding mode control (ISMC) are presented. These non linear controls are compared on the basis of topology, cost, efficiency. The main contribution of this work based to the short time of response with excellent convergence and high decoupled between active and reactive power in one part and in the second part we define the benefit to use indirect model of DFIG to the conception of indirect sliding mode control by using the relationships between stator powers and rotor currents. The simulation results have shown good performances concerning the tracking of the references both in transient and steady state and prove the effectiveness of sliding mode control to track the given references using PWM inverter.

Background: Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common and complicated problem among nulliparous pregnant women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of expressive writing and neutral writing on FOC in nulliparous pregnant women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 nulliparous pregnant women referred to selected comprehensive health centers in Isfahan for prenatal care from May 1 to September 30, 2021. The participants were recruited consecutively and randomly allocated to two groups to perform either expressive writing or neutral writing at home for 20 min daily for 7 days. Before and after the intervention, FOC was measured using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire. Paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 29. 93 ±,5. 20 and 29. 18 ±,5. 65 years in the usual and expressive writing groups, respectively. The mean FOC scores of the women in the neutral writing and expressive writing groups were 36. 31 ±,7. 35 and 35. 96 ±,6. 80, respectively, at baseline (P = 0. 81) and changed to 34. 98 ±,8. 18 and 31. 58 ±,7. 99, respectively, at the end of the study (P < 0. 04). The paired t-test showed that the mean FOC score of the expressive writing group decreased significantly at the end of the study (P < 0. 001), whereas it did not change significantly in the neutral writing group (P = 0. 11). Conclusion: Expressive writing can reduce FOC in nulliparous pregnant women and can be used as an effective, low-cost, simple, and accessible method.